a Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Inner Mongolia University of Technology , Hohhot , People's Republic of China.
b College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2019 Jun;69(6):717-725. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1562389. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
The rapid development of large-scale livestock husbandry has caused serious air pollution problems (e.g., The Tuzuoqi demonstration farm belonging to the Yili Group. The farm is located in the suburb of Hohhot City in northern China). In this study, the gases in typical areas of a large-scale dairy farm were sampled and measured for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia concentrations. Fifty-two species of VOCs were identified. The VOCs emitted from the cowshed mainly consisted of halogenated hydrocarbons (16,960 µg/m), ketones (15,700 µg/m), esters (9889 µg/m), and sulfur compounds (3677 µg/m). The VOCs from the oxidation pond were mainly composed of halogenated hydrocarbons (21,940 µg/m) and ketones (3589 µg/m). The VOCs from the solid-liquid separation tank comprised halogenated hydrocarbons (32,010 µg/m), ketones (7169 µg/m), and sulfur compounds (1003 µg/m). The highest concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were obtained from the milking parlor and solid-liquid separation tank, respectively. The ammonia concentration declined gradually due to the superposition of ammonia emitted from the cowshed and milking parlor. Analysis results of the influences of distance and meteorological factors on the dispersion of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide suggested that the dilution factors decreased with increasing distance from the emission source. Within distance ranges of 0-10 and 10-25 m, the concentration dilution factors were positively correlated with wind speed and temperature but negatively correlated with humidity and atmospheric pressure. The results of our work can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of odorous gases in large-scale livestock farms. Gases in typical areas of a large-scale dairy farm were sampled, and a total of 52 species of VOCs were identified. The highest concentrations of ketones, sulfur compounds, and esters were obtained at the cowshed (15,700, 3677, and 9889 µg/m, respectively). Within the distance ranges of 0-10 and 10-25 m, the concentration dilution factors were positively correlated with wind speed and temperature.
大型畜牧业的快速发展造成了严重的空气污染问题（例如，隶属于伊利集团的图左旗示范农场。该农场位于中国北方呼和浩特市郊区）。本研究对大型奶牛场典型区域的气体进行了采样和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、硫化氢和氨浓度的测量。共鉴定出 52 种 VOCs。牛舍排放的 VOCs 主要由卤代烃（16960µg/m）、酮类（15700µg/m）、酯类（9889µg/m）和硫化合物（3677µg/m）组成。氧化塘排放的 VOCs 主要由卤代烃（21940µg/m）和酮类（3589µg/m）组成。固液分离罐中的 VOCs 由卤代烃（32010µg/m）、酮类（7169µg/m）和硫化合物（1003µg/m）组成。氨和硫化氢浓度最高的分别来自挤奶厅和固液分离罐。由于牛舍和挤奶厅排放的氨气叠加，氨浓度逐渐降低。距离和气象因素对氨气和硫化氢扩散影响的分析结果表明，随着与排放源距离的增加，稀释因子减小。在 0-10 和 10-25 m 的距离范围内，浓度稀释因子与风速和温度呈正相关，与湿度和大气压呈负相关。本工作的结果可为大型养殖场恶臭气体的防治提供理论依据。
大型奶牛场典型区域的气体进行了采样，共鉴定出 52 种 VOCs。牛舍（15700µg/m、3677µg/m 和 9889µg/m）酮类、硫化合物和酯类浓度最高。在 0-10 和 10-25 m 的距离范围内，浓度稀释因子与风速和温度呈正相关。
