Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Environ Res. 2019 Mar;170:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.012. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Indoor concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured across 16 urban public schools in three different seasons. Exceedance of the WHO guidelines for indoor air was observed, mainly for the hourly average NO concentrations. Seasonal variability was statistically significant for indoor NO and CO concentrations, with higher exposures in fall and winter. An extensive list of potential factors at the outdoor environment, school, and room level that may explain the variability in indoor exposure was examined. Factors with significant contributions to indoor exposure were mostly related to the outdoor pollution sources. This is evidenced by the strong associations between indoor concentration of CO and NO and factors including outdoor PM and NO concentrations, including length of the nearby roads and the number of nearby industrial facilities. Additionally, we found that poor conditions of the buildings (a prevalent phenomenon in the studied urban area), including physical defects and lack of proper ventilation, contributed to poor air quality in schools. The results suggest that improving building conditions and facilities as well as a consideration of the school surroundings may improve indoor air quality in schools.
在三个不同季节，对 16 所城市公立学校的室内细颗粒物 (PM)、二氧化氮 (NO) 和一氧化碳 (CO) 浓度进行了测量。观察到室内空气超过了世卫组织的指导值，主要是针对每小时平均的 NO 浓度。室内 NO 和 CO 浓度的季节性变化具有统计学意义，秋冬季的暴露水平更高。对室外环境、学校和室内环境中可能导致室内暴露变化的大量潜在因素进行了检查。对室内暴露有显著贡献的因素主要与室外污染源有关。这一点可以从 CO 和 NO 与包括室外 PM 和 NO 浓度、附近道路长度和附近工业设施数量在内的因素之间的强烈关联中得到证明。此外，我们发现建筑物状况不佳（在研究的城市地区普遍存在的现象），包括物理缺陷和缺乏适当的通风，导致学校空气质量较差。结果表明，改善建筑条件和设施，以及考虑学校周围环境，可能会改善学校的室内空气质量。
