Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, China.
Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
Neuroscience. 2019 Feb 10;399:28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.013. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
Processes associated with human brain development and function are exceedingly complex, limiting our capacity to investigate disease status and potential treatment strategies in vitro. Recent advancements in human cerebral organoid systems-which replicate early stage neural tube formation, neuroepithelium differentiation, and whole-brain regional differentiation-have allowed researchers to generate more accurate models of brain development and disease. The generation of region-specific cerebral organoids also allows for the direct investigation of the etiology and pathological processes associated with inherited and acquired brain diseases, drug discovery, and drug toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview of various neural differentiation technologies, as well as a critical analysis of their strengths and limitations. We primarily focus on the generation of three-dimensional brain organoid systems and their application in infectious disease modeling, high-throughput compound screening, and neurodevelopmental disease modeling.
与人类大脑发育和功能相关的过程极其复杂，这限制了我们在体外研究疾病状态和潜在治疗策略的能力。最近，人类脑类器官系统的进展——复制早期神经管形成、神经上皮分化和全脑区域分化——使研究人员能够生成更准确的大脑发育和疾病模型。特定区域的脑类器官的生成也允许直接研究与遗传和获得性脑疾病、药物发现和药物毒性相关的病因和病理过程。在这篇综述中，我们提供了各种神经分化技术的概述，并对它们的优缺点进行了批判性分析。我们主要关注三维脑类器官系统的生成及其在传染病建模、高通量化合物筛选和神经发育性疾病建模中的应用。
