Vannikov-Lugassi Miriam, Soffer-Dudek Nirit
Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2018 Dec 7;9:2465. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02465. eCollection 2018.
Several short-term pathways have been implicated in relation to dissociative experiences, among them are daily stress, sleepiness, and rumination. In addition, it has been claimed that mechanisms contributing to dissociative experiences may differ, according to specific psychopathological symptoms. Accordingly, this study had two aims. The first was to sample moment-to-moment increases or decreases in current stress, sleepiness, and rumination, in order to assess their temporal relations with state dissociation. Rumination was broken down to its basic two subcomponents: the negative value of the thoughts and thinking about the past (in comparison to present or future), in order to differentiate it from other repetitive thought patterns (e.g., worry). The second goal was to explore whether depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms may moderate the links between the three mechanisms and specific state dissociation scales [specifically, depersonalization-derealization (DEP-DER) and absorption (ABS)]. Ninety-nine undergraduate students completed trait questionnaires and then answered state items four times a day for 4 days. These experience sampling data were analyzed using multilevel linear modeling (MLM) with Level 1 state measurements and Level 2 demographic and trait variables of the participants. Moments of stress, sleepiness, thinking about the past and negative thoughts were all associated both with state DEP-DER and with state ABS. Dissociation, negative thinking, stress, and sleepiness were positively associated with moments of thinking about the past and the future but inversely associated with moments of thinking about the present. Finally, in accordance with our expectations, the links between DEP-DER and hypothesized mechanisms were mostly moderated by depression and anxiety symptoms, whereas the links between ABS and hypothesized mechanisms were moderated mainly by obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our findings are in accordance with literature on the efficacy of mindfulness as well as the maladaptive correlates of mind-wandering, as they suggest that dissociative detachment from one's present occupation is associated with decreased well-being.
几种短期途径与分离体验有关，其中包括日常压力、困倦和沉思。此外，有人认为，导致分离体验的机制可能因特定的精神病理症状而异。因此，本研究有两个目的。第一个目的是对当前压力、困倦和沉思的瞬间增加或减少进行抽样，以评估它们与状态分离的时间关系。沉思被分解为其两个基本子成分：思想的消极价值和对过去的思考（与现在或未来相比），以便将其与其他重复的思维模式（如担忧）区分开来。第二个目标是探讨抑郁、焦虑和强迫症状是否可能调节这三种机制与特定状态分离量表[具体而言，人格解体-现实解体（DEP-DER）和专注（ABS）]之间的联系。99名本科生完成了特质问卷，然后连续4天每天回答4次状态项目。这些体验抽样数据使用多层次线性模型（MLM）进行分析，其中第1层为状态测量，第2层为参与者的人口统计学和特质变量。压力、困倦、对过去的思考和消极思想的瞬间都与状态DEP-DER和状态ABS相关。分离、消极思维、压力和困倦与对过去和未来的思考瞬间呈正相关，但与对现在的思考瞬间呈负相关。最后，根据我们的预期，DEP-DER与假设机制之间的联系大多受到抑郁和焦虑症状的调节，而ABS与假设机制之间的联系主要受到强迫症状的调节。我们的研究结果与关于正念功效以及走神的适应不良相关因素的文献一致，因为它们表明与当前活动的分离性脱离与幸福感下降有关。
