Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Campus Folcara, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy.
BMC Psychol. 2021 Feb 1;9(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00510-5.
Over the last decade, international research has produced a large number of studies that have stressed the importance of temporal focus in various aspects of the lives of individuals, groups and organizations. This first Italian validation study of the Temporal Focus Scale (TFS) has shown a reliable measurement to assess the tendency of individuals to characteristically think about different periods of their lives.
TFS/I was administered to a sample of 1458 participants, while three other convenience samples (N = 453; N = 544; N = 168) were used for convergent validity testing.
Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor solution (including 10 items) with good indices of fit to data, e.g., χ = 49.533, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.034, RMSEA 90% CI .018-.048. Convergent validity assessment confirmed predictive indications with variables such as life satisfaction, optimistic/pessimistic orientation, perceived general self-efficacy, self-regulatory modes, anxiety, depression.
The temporal focus has proven to be a significant feature associated with various aspects of both well-being and personal discomfort. By virtue of its good psychometric properties, the TFS can be an integrative tool along with others for a better evaluation of the person's profile in different contexts such as education, coaching, psychotherapy, counseling and career guidance.
在过去的十年中，国际研究产生了大量的研究，强调了时间焦点在个人、群体和组织生活的各个方面的重要性。本研究首次对意大利版时间焦点量表（TFS）进行验证，该量表可用于可靠地评估个体倾向于以不同的生命阶段进行思考的特征。
TFS/I 量表对 1458 名参与者进行了测试，同时还对另外三个方便样本（N=453；N=544；N=168）进行了收敛效度测试。
验证性因素分析证实了三因素模型（包括 10 个项目）具有良好的数据拟合指标，例如，χ=49.533，CFI=0.992，TLI=0.986，RMSEA=0.034，RMSEA 90%CI（0.018-0.048）。收敛效度评估证实了与生活满意度、乐观/悲观倾向、感知一般自我效能感、自我调节模式、焦虑、抑郁等变量具有预测性关联。
时间焦点已被证明是与幸福感和个人不适的各个方面都密切相关的重要特征。由于其良好的心理测量特性，TFS 可以与其他工具一起，更好地评估个人在不同情境下的情况，例如教育、辅导、心理治疗、咨询和职业指导。
