Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India.
Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linkoping SE-581 83, Sweden.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2018;18(30):2614-2629. doi: 10.2174/1568026619666181221165344.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous malignancy leading to increased mortality and poor prognosis due to the lack of efficient early diagnostics. Metastasis of the tumor being the most common cause of mortality is accountable for almost 90% of CRC associated deaths. Intensified screening procedures and molecular target identification has inflated the median survival rate of in CRC patients. microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come forward as potential targets for developing a novel approach in CRC theragnostics. Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) sequences are abundantly present and thereby play a vital role in several biological processes such as cellular organization, cell fate determination, proliferation, apoptosis, tissue homeostasis maintenance as well as pathological conditions such as cancer by acting as post transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Several studies have highlighted the involvement of these ncRNAs in CRC development. However, the molecular mechanism involved in regulating CRC has not been clearly elucidated. This review, throws light upon the several non-coding RNAs involved in CRC with a focus on novel mechanisms of action, recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms that control the gene expression related to carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the potential role of ncRNAs as diagnostic as well as therapeutic targets has been reviewed.
结直肠癌(CRC)是一种异质性恶性肿瘤,由于缺乏有效的早期诊断方法,导致死亡率和预后不良。肿瘤转移是最常见的死亡原因,约占 CRC 相关死亡的 90%。强化筛查程序和分子靶点的识别提高了 CRC 患者的中位生存率。微小 RNA(miRNAs)和长链非编码 RNA(lncRNAs)已成为开发 CRC 治疗新方法的潜在靶点。非编码 RNA(ncRNAs)序列大量存在,通过作为基因表达的转录后调节因子,在细胞组织、细胞命运决定、增殖、凋亡、组织动态平衡维持以及癌症等病理条件下的几个生物学过程中发挥重要作用。几项研究强调了这些 ncRNAs 在 CRC 发展中的作用。然而,调节 CRC 的分子机制尚不清楚。这篇综述探讨了参与 CRC 的几种非编码 RNA,重点介绍了其作用的新机制,以及与癌变相关的基因表达调控的最新进展。此外,还综述了 ncRNAs 作为诊断和治疗靶点的潜力。