Kirby M L
Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-2000.
Experientia. 1988 Dec 1;44(11-12):944-51. doi: 10.1007/BF01939888.
Many factors extrinsic to the developing heart play important roles in determining its final form. The neural crest has been shown to provide ectomesenchyme to the pharyngeal apparatus and outflow tract, as well as the postganglionic innervation of the heart. Ablation of the neural crest providing ectomesenchyme to the outflow tract results in various cardiac malformations. These malformations have in common either outflow and/or inflow tract malalignment. Although the reason for this malalignment is not understood, it is thought that hemodynamic parameters during early cardiac morphogenesis may be disrupted causing cardiac dysmorphogenesis. The most likely area for this alteration to occur is in the pharyngeal apparatus which houses the aortic arch arteries. Various possibilities are discussed. The innervation of the heart by neural crest-derived autonomic neurons and nodose placode-derived sensory neurons is outlined, and the interactions between the two progenitive sites is discussed.
许多影响心脏发育的外在因素在决定其最终形态方面发挥着重要作用。神经嵴已被证明可为咽器官和流出道提供外胚间充质，以及心脏的节后神经支配。去除为流出道提供外胚间充质的神经嵴会导致各种心脏畸形。这些畸形的共同之处在于流出道和/或流入道排列不齐。尽管这种排列不齐的原因尚不清楚，但人们认为早期心脏形态发生过程中的血流动力学参数可能受到干扰，从而导致心脏形态异常。这种改变最可能发生的区域是容纳主动脉弓动脉的咽器官。文中讨论了各种可能性。概述了神经嵴衍生的自主神经元和结节板衍生的感觉神经元对心脏的神经支配，并讨论了这两个起源部位之间的相互作用。
