Programa de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS. CP. 23096, Mexico.
Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Colosio s/n. Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora CP. 83000, Mexico.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2019 Feb;161:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.12.010. Epub 2018 Dec 23.
Carotenoid sources in shrimp diets have shown to be effective for improving survival, growth, reproductive capacity, stress resistance, and also for diminishing disease. Dunaliella sp. is known to have high levels of β-carotenes, which works as pro-vitamin A, enhancing the immune response in shrimp. However, the administration of Dunaliella sp. in shrimp diet needs to be evaluated to determine the appropriate dose and frequency of administration needed to optimize performance in cultured white shrimp. Diets with three different concentrations of Dunaliella sp. flour (1.5, 2 and 3%) were tested, and each one was administered at three different time frequencies: daily, and at 3- and 7-days intervals. Shrimp fed for 20 days were then infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1 × 10 CFU/mL). Hemolymph parameters including protein, glucose, lactate, cholesterol and triglycerides were analyzed to evaluate shrimp stress status. Additionally, L. vannamei innate non-specific immune response was examined by evaluating the activity of prophenoloxidase (proPO), phenoloxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hemolymph; shrimp survival was also recorded. Survival after infection with V. parahaemolyticus was higher for shrimp fed with diets consisting of 2% Dunaliella sp. administered every 3 and 7 days. Shrimp fed a diet consisting of 2% or 3% Dunaliella sp. administered every third day showed positive physiological and immune responses to infection. A decrease in lipid oxidation in plasma triglycerides was observed at 48 h post inoculation in shrimp fed at all diets regimes due to Dunaliella sp. antioxidant action. Experimental results suggest the importance of Dunaliella sp. dosage and feeding frequency in L. vannamei diet to improve the survival and immune response.
虾类饲料中的类胡萝卜素来源已被证明可有效提高存活率、生长速度、繁殖能力、抗应激能力，并减少疾病。杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella sp.）已知含有高水平的β-胡萝卜素，可作为维生素 A 前体，增强虾的免疫反应。然而，杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella sp.）在虾饲料中的添加量需要进行评估，以确定最佳剂量和添加频率，从而优化养殖南美白对虾的性能。测试了三种不同浓度的杜氏盐藻粉（1.5%、2%和 3%）的饲料，并以三种不同的时间频率进行了投喂：每天投喂、每 3 天投喂和每 7 天投喂。然后，用副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）（1×10 CFU/mL）感染投喂 20 天的虾。分析血淋巴中的蛋白质、葡萄糖、乳酸、胆固醇和甘油三酯等参数，以评估虾的应激状态。此外，通过评估血淋巴中酚氧化酶原（proPO）、酚氧化酶（PO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性来检测凡纳滨对虾（L. vannamei）的先天非特异性免疫反应；还记录了虾的存活率。每 3 天和 7 天投喂 2%杜氏盐藻的饲料喂养的虾在感染副溶血弧菌后的存活率更高。每 3 天投喂 2%或 3%杜氏盐藻的饲料喂养的虾对感染表现出积极的生理和免疫反应。由于杜氏盐藻的抗氧化作用，在所有投喂饲料的虾中，在接种后 48 小时观察到血浆甘油三酯的脂质氧化减少。实验结果表明，在南美白对虾饲料中，杜氏盐藻的剂量和投喂频率对提高存活率和免疫反应非常重要。
