Moore C G, Francy D B, Eliason D A, Monath T P
Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80522.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1988 Sep;4(3):356-61.
Aedes albopictus, the Asian "tiger mosquito," was found in Houston, Texas, in 1985. Aedes albopictus is primarily a forest edge inhabiting species that has readily adapted to the container habitats produced by humans. Although not yet incriminated in the spread of any disease in the Americas, it has been repeatedly implicated in epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever transmission in Asia. It is a competent laboratory vector of La Crosse, yellow fever and other viruses, and can transovarially transmit at least 15 viruses. In 1986, Ae. albopictus was found in many other Texas counties, and in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee. In 1987, infestations were discovered in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and North Carolina. Aedes albopictus and other exotic species were intercepted in shipments of used tires entering the United States from Asia. All such tires must now be free of mosquitoes before entering the country. Control over the movement and storage of tires, a strong source reduction program, and intensive public education can solve the albopictus problem.
白纹伊蚊，即亚洲“虎蚊”，于1985年在得克萨斯州休斯敦被发现。白纹伊蚊主要栖息于森林边缘，它已很容易地适应了人类制造的容器栖息地。尽管在美洲尚未发现它传播任何疾病，但在亚洲它多次与登革热流行和登革出血热传播有关。它是拉克罗斯病毒、黄热病病毒及其他病毒的有效实验室传播媒介，并且能经卵传递至少15种病毒。1986年，在得克萨斯州的许多其他县以及亚拉巴马州、阿肯色州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州、伊利诺伊州、印第安纳州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、密苏里州、俄亥俄州和田纳西州都发现了白纹伊蚊。1987年，在特拉华州、肯塔基州、马里兰州和北卡罗来纳州也发现了蚊虫滋生。从亚洲进入美国的废旧轮胎运输中截获了白纹伊蚊及其他外来物种。现在所有此类轮胎在进入美国之前都必须没有蚊子。对轮胎的运输和储存进行管控、实施强有力的源头减少计划以及开展强化公众教育能够解决白纹伊蚊问题。
