1 Booth School of Business, University of Chicago.
2 Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University.
Psychol Sci. 2019 Feb;30(2):193-204. doi: 10.1177/0956797618814145. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
People adapt to repeated getting. The happiness we feel from eating the same food, from earning the same income, and from many other experiences quickly decreases as repeated exposure to an identical source of happiness increases. In two preregistered experiments ( N = 615), we examined whether people also adapt to repeated giving-the happiness we feel from helping other people rather than ourselves. In Experiment 1, participants spent a windfall for 5 days ($5.00 per day on the same item) on themselves or another person (the same one each day). In Experiment 2, participants won money in 10 rounds of a game ($0.05 per round) for themselves or a charity of their choice (the same one each round). Although getting elicited standard adaptation (happiness significantly declined), giving did not grow old (happiness did not significantly decline; Experiment 1) and grew old more slowly than equivalent getting (happiness declined at about half the rate; Experiment 2). Past research suggests that people are inevitably quick to adapt in the absence of change. These findings suggest otherwise: The happiness we get from giving appears to sustain itself.
人们会适应不断得到的事物。我们从吃相同的食物、赚相同的收入以及许多其他经历中获得的幸福感,会随着同一幸福来源的重复出现而迅速减少。在两项预先注册的实验中(N=615),我们研究了人们是否也会适应不断给予——即帮助他人而不是自己时所获得的幸福感。在实验 1 中,参与者在 5 天内(每天 5 美元)将意外之财用于自己或另一个人(每天都是同一个人)。在实验 2 中,参与者在 10 轮游戏中赢得了 5 美分(每轮 0.05 美元),用于自己或他们选择的慈善机构(每轮都是同一个机构)。尽管获得会引发标准的适应(幸福感显著下降),但给予并不会随着时间的推移而变得陈旧(幸福感没有显著下降;实验 1),而且比同等的获得适应得更慢(幸福感以大约一半的速度下降;实验 2)。过去的研究表明,人们在没有变化的情况下不可避免地会迅速适应。这些发现表明并非如此:我们从给予中获得的幸福感似乎能够维持下去。