a USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
b School of Social Work , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , NJ , USA.
J Addict Dis. 2018 Jan-Jun;37(1-2):64-76. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2018.1545555. Epub 2018 Dec 28.
Homeless youth in the United States have high rates of substance use. Existing research has identified social network composition and street-associated stressors as contributing factors. Incarceration is a highly prevalent stressor for homeless youth. Its effect on youth's social network composition and substance use, however, has been neglected. This study investigated the direct and indirect associations between incarceration history and substance use (through social networks) among homeless youth in Los Angeles, California. A sample of 1047 homeless youths were recruited between 2011 and 2013. Computerized self-administrated surveys and social network interviews were conducted to collect youth's sociodemographic characteristics, incarceration history, social network composition, and substance use. Bootstrapping was used to identify the direct and indirect associations between youth's incarceration history and substance use. Incarceration history was positively associated with youth's cannabis, methamphetamine, and injection drug use. The percentage of cannabis-using peers partially mediated the associations between incarceration history and youth's cannabis, cocaine, and heroin use. The percentage of methamphetamine-using peers partially mediated the associations between incarceration history and youth's methamphetamine, cocaine, and injection drug use. The percentage of heroin-using peers partially mediated the association between incarceration history and youth's heroin use. Moreover, the percentage of peers who inject drugs partially mediated the associations between incarceration history and youth's methamphetamine, heroin, and injection drug use. Incarceration history should be taken to a more central place in future research and practice with homeless youth in the United States.
美国无家可归的青年中物质滥用率很高。现有研究已经确定了社交网络组成和与街头相关的压力源是促成因素。监禁是无家可归青年面临的一个高度普遍的压力源。然而，其对青年社交网络组成和物质使用的影响却被忽视了。本研究调查了加利福尼亚州洛杉矶无家可归青年中监禁历史与物质使用（通过社交网络）之间的直接和间接关联。在 2011 年至 2013 年期间，招募了 1047 名无家可归的青年作为样本。通过计算机化的自我管理调查和社交网络访谈收集了青年的社会人口统计学特征、监禁历史、社交网络组成和物质使用情况。通过自举法确定了青年监禁历史与物质使用之间的直接和间接关联。监禁历史与青年的大麻、冰毒和注射毒品使用呈正相关。使用大麻的同伴比例部分中介了监禁历史与青年大麻、可卡因和海洛因使用之间的关联。使用冰毒的同伴比例部分中介了监禁历史与青年冰毒、可卡因和注射毒品使用之间的关联。使用海洛因的同伴比例部分中介了监禁历史与青年海洛因使用之间的关联。此外，使用注射毒品的同伴比例部分中介了监禁历史与青年冰毒、海洛因和注射毒品使用之间的关联。在美国，监禁历史应该在未来针对无家可归青年的研究和实践中占据更重要的地位。
