Prud'homme Yasmeen, Burton Frederic J, McClave Catherine, Calle Paul P
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2018 Dec 13;49(4):959-966. doi: 10.1638/2017-0234.1.
From 2005 to 2017, a total of 334 fresh fecal samples was obtained from 236 captive and free-ranging Grand Cayman iguanas ( Cyclura lewisi) in a captive breeding and release program. One-hundred-sixteen samples were obtained from individual captive iguanas living in enclosures with natural substrate, 161 samples from captive iguanas living in elevated wire-bottom enclosures, and 57 samples from free-ranging wild iguanas. These samples were cultured to isolate subspecies of Salmonella enterica. as part of prerelease health evaluations, and to determine baseline health assessments of captive and wild populations of these iguanas. There was a 5.45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-15.12) prevalence of S. enterica in iguanas housed on natural substrate ( n = 51), 3.85% (CI: 1.42-8.19) in iguanas housed in elevated wire-bottom enclosures ( n = 157), and 6.06% (CI: 0.74-20.23) in wild free-ranging iguanas ( n = 38). These results demonstrate no significant difference ( P = 0.73) in S. enterica prevalence among these housing conditions. The incidence of S. enterica from 2005 to 2017 in the population sampled was 4.19% (CI 3.10-5.29). Ten different serotypes of S. enterica were isolated from 14 iguanas. Salmonella enterica ser. Saintpaul was the most frequent isolate. Annual S. enterica prevalence was calculated for iguanas housed in different enclosure types, for free-roaming wild iguanas, and for all cultured iguanas. The highest yearly prevalence was 23.08% (CI: 5.04-53.81) in iguanas tested in 2007 ( n = 21). No Salmonella enterica were cultured in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2015. These results suggest that the shedding of S. enterica was not significantly different between housing types or between captive versus wild iguanas and therefore that release of captive iguanas did not significantly affect the health of the wild population or their exposure to S. enterica.
2005年至2017年期间，在一个圈养繁殖和放归项目中，共从236只圈养和自由放养的大开曼鬣蜥（Cyclura lewisi）身上采集了334份新鲜粪便样本。116份样本来自生活在有天然基质围栏中的圈养鬣蜥个体，161份样本来自生活在高架金属网底围栏中的圈养鬣蜥，57份样本来自自由放养的野生鬣蜥。对这些样本进行培养，以分离肠炎沙门氏菌亚种，作为放归前健康评估的一部分，并确定这些鬣蜥圈养和野生种群的基线健康评估。生活在天然基质上的鬣蜥中肠炎沙门氏菌的患病率为5.45%（95%置信区间[CI]：1.14 - 15.12）（n = 51），生活在高架金属网底围栏中的鬣蜥患病率为3.85%（CI：1.42 - 8.19）（n = 157），自由放养的野生鬣蜥患病率为6.06%（CI：0.74 - 20.23）（n = 38）。这些结果表明，在这些饲养条件下，肠炎沙门氏菌的患病率没有显著差异（P = 0.73）。2005年至2017年期间，抽样种群中肠炎沙门氏菌的发病率为4.19%（CI 3.10 - 5.29）。从14只鬣蜥中分离出了10种不同血清型的肠炎沙门氏菌。肠炎沙门氏菌血清型圣保罗是最常见的分离株。计算了生活在不同围栏类型中的鬣蜥、自由放养的野生鬣蜥以及所有培养鬣蜥的年度肠炎沙门氏菌患病率。2007年检测的鬣蜥中年度患病率最高，为23.08%（CI：5.04 - 53.81）（n = 21）。2005年、2008年、2009年、2010年、2011年、2012年和2015年未培养出肠炎沙门氏菌。这些结果表明，不同饲养类型之间或圈养鬣蜥与野生鬣蜥之间肠炎沙门氏菌的排泄情况没有显著差异，因此圈养鬣蜥的放归对野生种群的健康或它们接触肠炎沙门氏菌的情况没有显著影响。
