School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2021 Aug;68(5):402-412. doi: 10.1111/zph.12820. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
Reptiles are carriers of Salmonella and can intermittently shed bacteria in their faeces. Contact with snakes and lizards is a source of human salmonellosis. Here, two populations of reptiles, wild and captive were surveyed for Salmonella. One hundred thirty wild-caught reptiles were sampled for Salmonella including 2 turtle, 9 snake and 31 lizard species. Fifty-two of 130 (40%) animals were Salmonella positive: one of 5 (20%) turtles, 7 of 14 (50%) snakes and 44 of 111 (39.6%) lizards. One hundred twenty-two reptiles were sampled from a zoo collection including 1 turtle, 6 tortoise, 9 lizard, 14 snake and 1 crocodile species. Forty-two of 122 (34.4%) captive reptiles sampled were Salmonella positive. Salmonella was most commonly isolated from lizards and snakes. Fifteen serotypes were identified from zoo and 19 from wild-caught reptiles and most were members of subspecies enterica (I), salamae (II), arizonae (IIIa) or diarizonae (IIIb). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on all Salmonella isolates; only two exhibited resistance, a Salmonella subsp. (II) ser. 21:z :z (Wandsbek) isolate cultured from a wild-caught reptile and a Salmonella Typhimurium DT120 isolated from a captive snake. The invasive capacity of reptile-associated Salmonella strains into cultured human intestinal epithelial (Caco2) and mouse macrophages cell lines (J774A.1) was also investigated. All isolates were invasive into both cell lines. Significant (P 0.001) variability in invasiveness into polarized Caco2 cells was observed. Salmonella Eastbourne exhibited the highest invasiveness into Caco2 cells and Salmonella Chester the lowest, with mean per cent recoveries of 19.99 0.32 and 1.23 0.30, respectively. Invasion into J774A.1 macrophages was also variable but was not significant. Salmonella subsp. II ser. 17:g,t:- (Bleadon) exhibited the highest invasiveness into J774A.1 with a mean per cent recovery of 10.19 0.19. Thus, reptile-associated Salmonellae are likely to have different capacities to cause disease in humans.
爬行动物是沙门氏菌的携带者，其粪便中会间歇性地排出细菌。接触蛇和蜥蜴是人类沙门氏菌病的一个来源。在这里，我们调查了两个爬行动物种群，野生和圈养的，以寻找沙门氏菌。我们对 130 只野生捕获的爬行动物进行了沙门氏菌采样，其中包括 2 只龟、9 条蛇和 31 只蜥蜴。在 130 只动物中，有 52 只（40%）呈沙门氏菌阳性：5 只中的 1 只（20%）龟、14 只中的 7 只（50%）蛇和 111 只中的 44 只（39.6%）蜥蜴。从动物园收集了 122 只爬行动物进行采样，其中包括 1 只龟、6 只陆龟、9 只蜥蜴、14 条蛇和 1 只鳄鱼。在 122 只圈养的爬行动物中，有 42 只（34.4%）呈沙门氏菌阳性。沙门氏菌最常从蜥蜴和蛇中分离出来。从动物园和 19 只从野生捕获的爬行动物中分离出了 15 种血清型，其中大多数是肠亚种（I）、沙门氏菌（II）、亚利桑那亚种（IIIa）或迪亚里桑那亚种（IIIb）的成员。对所有的沙门氏菌分离株进行了药敏试验；只有 2 株表现出耐药性，一株是从野生捕获的爬行动物中分离出来的沙门氏菌亚种（II）血清 21：z：z（Wandsbek），另一株是从圈养蛇中分离出来的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 DT120。还研究了与爬行动物相关的沙门氏菌菌株对培养的人肠上皮（Caco2）和小鼠巨噬细胞系（J774A.1）的侵袭能力。所有的分离株都能侵袭这两种细胞系。在极化的 Caco2 细胞中，侵袭性有显著差异（P 0.001）。沙门氏菌伊斯特本表现出对 Caco2 细胞的最高侵袭性，而沙门氏菌切斯特的侵袭性最低，回收率的平均值分别为 19.99 0.32%和 1.23 0.30%。J774A.1 巨噬细胞的侵袭性也有差异，但无统计学意义。沙门氏菌亚种 II 血清 17：g，t：-（Bleadon）对 J774A.1 的侵袭性最高，平均回收率为 10.19 0.19%。因此，与爬行动物相关的沙门氏菌可能具有不同的致病能力。
