ImmunoStep, SL, Edificio Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Avda. Coimbra s/n, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
J Proteomics. 2019 Apr 30;198:87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.023. Epub 2018 Dec 28.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EV) released from all cells that differ from others EV in their cellular origin, abundance and biogenesis. These different types of extracellular vesicles are recognized as potential markers of human diseases, including cancer and, in recent years, there has been an important advance in the molecular characterization of exosomes from different types of cancer. In particular, due to their presence and stability in most body fluids and the similarity of their content with tumor cells, exosomes have great potential as non-invasive biomarkers for liquid biopsy. Nevertheless, the use of exosomes for diagnostic purposes has been limited by the lack of reproducible methods. Flow cytometry is a technique well adapted for a reproducible analysis of clinical samples. However, conventional flow cytometers do not allow the detection of particles <300 nm based on forward scattered light (FSC), and therefore do not allow the direct detection of exosomes. To overcome this limitation, the use of microsphere bead-based flow cytometry assays is proposed, which, together with an adequate selection of markers, would contribute to making liquid biopsy based on exosomes a reality. SIGNIFICANCE.
外泌体是从所有细胞中释放的小型细胞外囊泡 (EV)，其在细胞起源、丰度和发生方面与其他 EV 不同。这些不同类型的细胞外囊泡被认为是人类疾病的潜在标志物，包括癌症，近年来，对不同类型癌症来源的外泌体的分子特征有了重要的进展。特别是，由于它们在大多数体液中的存在和稳定性，以及其内容物与肿瘤细胞的相似性，外泌体作为液体活检的非侵入性生物标志物具有很大的潜力。然而，由于缺乏可重复的方法，外泌体在诊断中的应用受到限制。流式细胞术是一种非常适合临床样本重复性分析的技术。然而，传统的流式细胞仪不允许根据前向散射光 (FSC) 检测 <300nm 的颗粒，因此不能直接检测外泌体。为了克服这一限制，提出了基于微球珠的流式细胞术检测方法的使用，该方法与适当的标记物选择相结合，将有助于使基于外泌体的液体活检成为现实。意义。
