Vrije Universiteit, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Vrije Universiteit, Dept. Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 2019 Apr;220:493-500. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.135. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
The ban on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has led to the production and use of alternative fluorinated compounds such as GenX. Limited information is available on the occurrence of this PFOA substitute. In this pilot study, we investigated the presence of GenX in/on grass and leaf samples collected near a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant in the Netherlands and in drinking water produced from surface and surface-water influenced groundwater intake points within 25 km from the plant. GenX was detected in/on all grass and leaf samples collected within 3 km north-east from the plant, with levels ranging from 1 to 27 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 4.3-86 ng/g ww, respectively. The PFOA levels in/on grass and leaves were lower, ranging from 0.7 to 11 ng/g ww and 0.9-28 ng/g ww, respectively. A declining concentration gradient of GenX and PFOA with increasing distance from the plant was observed, which suggests that the plant is a point source of GenX and was a point source for PFOA in the past. In all drinking water samples, GenX and PFOA were detected with levels ranging from 1.4 to 8.0 ng/L and 1.9-7.1 ng/L, respectively. The detection of GenX, which is only used since 2012, in/on grass and leaves and in drinking water indicates that GenX is now distributed through the environment. The presence of GenX and PFOA in/on grass and leaves within 3 km north-east of the plant also suggests that these chemicals could also be present on the locally grown food in gardens around the factory.
全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 的禁令导致了其他含氟化合物的生产和使用，例如 GenX。目前有关这种 PFOA 替代品的信息有限。在这项初步研究中，我们调查了荷兰一家氟聚合物制造工厂附近采集的草和叶样本以及距离工厂 25 公里范围内的地表水和地表水影响地下水进水点生产的饮用水中 GenX 的存在情况。在距离工厂东北 3 公里范围内采集的所有草和叶样本中均检测到了 GenX，其浓度范围分别为 1 至 27 ng/g 湿重 (ww) 和 4.3-86 ng/g ww。草和叶中的 PFOA 浓度较低，范围分别为 0.7 至 11 ng/g ww 和 0.9-28 ng/g ww。观察到 GenX 和 PFOA 的浓度随与工厂距离的增加而降低的浓度梯度，这表明该工厂是 GenX 的点源，过去也是 PFOA 的点源。在所有饮用水样本中，均检测到 GenX 和 PFOA，浓度范围分别为 1.4 至 8.0 ng/L 和 1.9-7.1 ng/L。仅在 2012 年开始使用的 GenX 在草和叶以及饮用水中的检测表明，GenX 现在已分布在环境中。在距离工厂东北 3 公里范围内的草和叶中存在 GenX 和 PFOA，这表明这些化学物质也可能存在于工厂周围花园中当地种植的食物上。
