a Department of Mental Health , VA North Texas Healthcare System , Dallas , TX , USA.
b Department of Psychiatry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45(4):341-354. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1545023. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
: Bupropion is a substituted cathinone compound widely used as a first line or add-on treatment for depression, smoking cessation, and more recently in combination with naltrexone for weight loss. As abuse of synthetic cathinone compounds has received more attention in recent years, concern about the misuse potential of bupropion has grown as well. : We review bupropion pharmacology and assessments of misuse potential including preclinical evidence, human studies, and post-marketing surveillance of bupropion misuse. : This review reports the results of a systematic review of publications evaluating the potential for bupropion to be misused. Publications were identified using PubMed and Medline through Ovid® as well as iterative bibliographic searches. A summary of data from informal sources of information including substance-user experience from online forum entries is included. : Preclinical evidence demonstrates some potential for misuse based on psychomotor, discrimination, self-administration, and conditioned place preference tasks. However, this potential is less than that of commonly misused stimulants. Studies in human populations similarly indicate that bupropion shares interoceptive effects with other stimulants, but lacks some key reinforcing effects of other stimulants. In the real-world setting, misuse of bupropion occurs, but is uncommon. Adverse effects of bupropion misuse are frequently cited as significant barriers to obtaining any desired interoceptive effect. : While bupropion demonstrates some potential for misuse, pharmacological differences from other structurally-related stimulants limit bupropion's reinforcing effects. Without additional data indicating susceptibility of specific populations to bupropion misuse, there is no empirical data suggesting a need to modify bupropion prescribing patterns.
: 安非他酮是一种取代的苯丙胺化合物，广泛用于治疗抑郁症，作为一线或附加治疗药物，也可用于戒烟，最近还与纳曲酮联合用于减肥。近年来，合成苯丙胺类化合物的滥用受到了更多的关注，人们对安非他酮潜在滥用的担忧也与日俱增。: 我们回顾了安非他酮的药理学和潜在滥用评估，包括临床前证据、人体研究以及安非他酮滥用的上市后监测。: 这篇综述报告了一项对评估安非他酮潜在滥用可能性的出版物进行系统评价的结果。使用 PubMed 和 Medline 通过 Ovid® 以及迭代文献检索来确定出版物。还包括了来自非正式信息来源的数据摘要，包括来自在线论坛条目的物质使用者的经验。: 临床前证据表明，根据运动表现、辨别、自我给药和条件性位置偏好任务，安非他酮具有一定的潜在滥用可能性。然而，这种可能性小于常见的滥用兴奋剂。人类群体的研究同样表明，安非他酮与其他兴奋剂具有相似的内感受效应，但缺乏其他兴奋剂的一些关键强化效应。在现实环境中，安非他酮的滥用确实存在，但并不常见。安非他酮滥用的不良后果经常被认为是获得任何所需内感受效应的重大障碍。: 虽然安非他酮具有一定的潜在滥用可能性，但与其他结构相关的兴奋剂相比，其药理学差异限制了安非他酮的强化效应。没有其他数据表明特定人群对安非他酮滥用的易感性，因此没有经验数据表明需要改变安非他酮的处方模式。
