State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 South Taoyuan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Feb 4;48(3):885-907. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00774h.
Aluminosilicate zeolites with controllable morphology have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, and separation technologies, as well as the biomedical field. However, the rational design and preparation of zeolites with the required morphology have not been achieved because the zeolite crystallization mechanism has not been fully understood, and therefore, the nucleation and crystal growth processes cannot be oriented. This paper reviews the progresses achieved in zeolite morphology control. The chemical compositions of the synthesis gel, including template (or the structure-directing agent) and framework heteroatoms, silica and alumina sources, alkali metal cations and mineralization ions, crystallization conditions, and synthesis methods have a considerable impact on the crystal morphology. The oriented assembly of zeolite crystals into special morphologies, such as hierarchical porous structures, zeolite membranes, hollow zeolite spheres, and core@shell-structured zeolites, can be realized by using soft and/or hard template methods and adjusting the synthesis and crystallization conditions. In addition, zeolite crystallization and crystal assembly mechanisms are investigated for providing an overall insight into the regulation of zeolite crystal morphology.
由于具有潜在的催化、吸附和分离技术以及生物医学领域的应用前景，可控形貌的铝硅酸盐沸石引起了相当大的关注。然而，由于沸石结晶机制尚未完全理解，因此无法对其进行定向，因此，还没有实现具有所需形貌的沸石的合理设计和制备。本文综述了沸石形貌控制的研究进展。合成凝胶的化学组成，包括模板（或结构导向剂）和骨架杂原子、硅源和铝源、碱金属阳离子和矿化离子、结晶条件以及合成方法，对晶体形貌有很大的影响。通过使用软模板和/或硬模板方法以及调整合成和结晶条件，可以将沸石晶体定向组装成特殊形貌，如分级多孔结构、沸石膜、空心沸石球和核壳结构沸石。此外，研究了沸石结晶和晶体组装机制，为深入了解沸石晶体形貌的调控提供了全面的认识。
