VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava, Poruba, 708 33, Czech Republic.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Feb 1;231:1048-1055. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.112. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
Currently there is increasingly closer interaction between the importance of environmental protection and efficient promoting of scientific and technological progress in the field of waste incineration. Waste is not only undesirable source of pollution, but if it is effectively used it also has great economic importance. In the Czech Republic 34.5 million tonnes of all wastes was produced in 2017, of which 5.7 million tonnes of municipal waste. 50% of the produced municipal waste was used, 38% of which was used for the material and 12% for energy utilization. 45% of municipal waste was deposited in the landfills. The method of waste incineration is among the major tools to reduce the landfill waste. The use or processing of the product which the process of incineration of municipal and hazardous waste generated can be considered as an obstacle to the favorable reception of this process. Apart from flammable components, waste also contains certain amount of dangerous particles. This is especially the sulfur chlorides, fluorine, PCBs and other heavy decomposable organic substances and heavy metals. This fact puts high demands on the gas cleaning processes followed by neutralization of other products that the incinerator leaves, in which these substances can be contained in higher concentrations than in the original waste. For this reason subsequent stabilization of these toxic substances is necessary to ensure new environmental burdens are avoided when not used properly. The major part of the waste combustion process is made up of ash and slag. One of the most common ways of dealing with these solid residues is disposing them to avoid creating new hazardous waste landfills. Other filtering waste also passes hazardous waste stabilization process before landfilling. Currently there is intensive search for new possibilities for utilization of solid residues from incineration. Nowadays there is emphasis on process control of their pretreatment for the production of draft procedure with its management. Appropriate procedures may minimize the instances of improper use.
目前，环境保护的重要性与废物焚烧领域科技进步的高效推进之间的互动越来越密切。废物不仅是一种不可取的污染源，而且如果得到有效利用，也具有巨大的经济重要性。在捷克共和国，2017 年共产生了 3450 万吨各类废物，其中 570 万吨为城市废物。所产生的城市废物有 50%得到了利用，其中 38%用于材料利用，12%用于能源利用。45%的城市废物被填埋。废物焚烧方法是减少垃圾填埋的主要手段之一。废物焚烧过程中产生的产品的使用或加工，可能会成为人们对这一过程产生抵触的原因。除了易燃成分外，废物还含有一定数量的危险颗粒。这尤其是硫氯化物、氟、多氯联苯和其他可分解的有机物质以及重金属。这一事实对随后的气体净化过程提出了很高的要求，随后还需要对焚烧炉产生的其他产品进行中和处理，这些物质在这些产品中的浓度可能比原始废物中的浓度更高。出于这个原因，当这些物质没有被正确使用时，有必要对这些有毒物质进行后续稳定化处理，以避免产生新的环境负担。废物燃烧过程的主要部分由灰烬和炉渣组成。处理这些固体残余物的最常见方法之一是将它们处置掉，以避免产生新的危险废物填埋场。其他过滤废物在填埋前也经过危险废物稳定化处理。目前，人们正在积极寻找利用焚烧固体残余物的新可能性。如今，人们强调对其预处理过程进行控制，以制定出管理草案程序。适当的程序可以最大限度地减少不当使用的情况。
