Prairie Yves T, Alm Jukka, Beaulieu Jake, Barros Nathan, Battin Tom, Cole Jonathan, Del Giorgio Paul, DelSontro Tonya, Guérin Frédéric, Harby Atle, Harrison John, Mercier-Blais Sara, Serça Dominique, Sobek Sebastian, Vachon Dominic
UNESCO Chair in Global Environmental Change, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.
Ecosystems. 2018;21(5):1058-1071. doi: 10.1007/s10021-017-0198-9.
Freshwater reservoirs are a known source of greenhouse gas (GHG) to the atmosphere, but their quantitative significance is still only loosely con- strained. Although part of this uncertainty can be attributed to the difficulties in measuring highly variable fluxes, it is also the result of a lack of a clear accounting methodology, particularly about what constitutes new emissions and potential new sinks. In this paper, we review the main processes involved in the generation of GHG in reservoir systems and propose a simple approach to quantify the reservoir GHG footprint in terms of the net changes in GHG fluxes to the atmosphere induced by damming, that is, 'what the atmosphere sees.' The approach takes into account the pre-impoundment GHG balance of the landscape, the temporal evolution of reservoir GHG emission profile as well as the natural emissions that are displaced to or away from the reservoir site resulting from hydrological and other changes. It also clarifies the portion of the reservoir carbon burial that can potentially be considered an offset to GHG emissions.
淡水水库是大气中温室气体（GHG）的一个已知来源，但其定量意义仍只是大致受限。尽管这种不确定性部分可归因于测量高度可变通量的困难，但这也是缺乏明确核算方法的结果，尤其是关于什么构成新排放和潜在新汇。在本文中，我们回顾了水库系统中温室气体产生所涉及的主要过程，并提出一种简单方法，根据筑坝导致的向大气中温室气体通量的净变化，即“大气所观测到的”，来量化水库的温室气体足迹。该方法考虑了景观蓄水前的温室气体平衡、水库温室气体排放概况的时间演变以及因水文和其他变化而转移至或远离水库地点的自然排放。它还明确了水库碳埋藏中可潜在地被视为温室气体排放抵消量的部分。
