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绝对脑容量预示着不同犬种在执行功能上的差异。

Absolute brain size predicts dog breed differences in executive function.

作者信息

Horschler Daniel J, Hare Brian, Call Josep, Kaminski Juliane, Miklósi Ádám, MacLean Evan L

机构信息

School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.

出版信息

Anim Cogn. 2019 Mar;22(2):187-198. doi: 10.1007/s10071-018-01234-1. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Abstract

Large-scale phylogenetic studies of animal cognition have revealed robust links between absolute brain volume and species differences in executive function. However, past comparative samples have been composed largely of primates, which are characterized by evolutionarily derived neural scaling rules. Therefore, it is currently unknown whether positive associations between brain volume and executive function reflect a broad-scale evolutionary phenomenon, or alternatively, a unique consequence of primate brain evolution. Domestic dogs provide a powerful opportunity for investigating this question due to their close genetic relatedness, but vast intraspecific variation. Using citizen science data on more than 7000 purebred dogs from 74 breeds, and controlling for genetic relatedness between breeds, we identify strong relationships between estimated absolute brain weight and breed differences in cognition. Specifically, larger-brained breeds performed significantly better on measures of short-term memory and self-control. However, the relationships between estimated brain weight and other cognitive measures varied widely, supporting domain-specific accounts of cognitive evolution. Our results suggest that evolutionary increases in brain size are positively associated with taxonomic differences in executive function, even in the absence of primate-like neuroanatomy. These findings also suggest that variation between dog breeds may present a powerful model for investigating correlated changes in neuroanatomy and cognition among closely related taxa.

摘要

对动物认知的大规模系统发育研究揭示了绝对脑容量与执行功能的物种差异之间存在紧密联系。然而,过去的比较样本主要由灵长类动物组成,它们具有进化而来的神经缩放规则。因此,目前尚不清楚脑容量与执行功能之间的正相关关系是反映了一种广泛的进化现象,还是灵长类动物大脑进化的独特结果。家犬因其密切的遗传相关性但种内差异巨大,为研究这个问题提供了一个有力的契机。利用来自74个品种的7000多只纯种犬的公民科学数据,并控制品种间的遗传相关性,我们确定了估计的绝对脑重量与认知品种差异之间的强关系。具体而言,脑容量较大的品种在短期记忆和自我控制测试中表现明显更好。然而,估计脑重量与其他认知测试之间的关系差异很大,这支持了认知进化的特定领域观点。我们的结果表明,即使没有类灵长类神经解剖结构,脑容量的进化增加也与执行功能的分类差异呈正相关。这些发现还表明,犬种之间的差异可能为研究密切相关分类群中神经解剖结构和认知的相关变化提供一个有力的模型。

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