Natural History Museum Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 4;14(1):e0210268. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210268. eCollection 2019.
The Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita is an abundant, polytypic Palearctic bird. Validity of some of its subspecies is controversial and birds from some parts of the species range remain unclassified taxonomically. The relationships among populations from different geographic areas have not been sufficiently explored with molecular data. In this study we analyzed the relationships among the four species in the 'chiffchaff complex' (Common Chiffchaff, Iberian Chiffchaff P. ibericus, Canary Islands Chiffchaff P. canariensis and Mountain Chiffchaff P. sindianus), and the patterns of intraspecific geographic variation in the mtDNA ND2 gene and intron 9 of the Z-linked aconitase gene (ACO1I9) across the Common Chiffchaff range, including a recently discovered population breeding on Mt. Hermon (Anti-Lebanon mountains). Our data supported the monophyly of the chiffchaff complex and its current systematics at the species level. Within the Common Chiffchaff, the Siberian race P. c. tristis was the most differentiated subspecies and may represent a separate or incipient species. Other Common Chiffchaff subspecies also were differentiated in their mtDNA, however, lineages of neighboring subspecies formed wide zones of introgression. The Mt. Hermon population was of mixed genetic origin but contained some birds with novel unique lineage that could not be assigned to known subspecies. All Common Chiffchaff lineages diverged at the end of the Ionian stage of Pleistocene. Lineage sorting of ACO1I9 alleles was not as complete as that of mtDNA. Chiffchaff species were mostly distinct at ACO1I9, except the Common and Canary Islands Chiffchaffs that shared multiple alleles. An AMOVA identified geographic structure in Common Chiffchaff ACO1I9 variation that was broadly consistent with that of mtDNA ND2 gene. The genetic and other data suggest the chiffchaff complex to be a group of evolutionarily young taxa that represent a paradigm of 'species evolution in action' from intergrading subspecies through to apparently complete biological speciation.
普通朱雀 Phylloscopus collybita 是一种丰富的、多态的古北界鸟类。其一些亚种的有效性存在争议，而且该物种分布的一些地区的鸟类在分类学上仍然没有被归类。用分子数据来探索不同地理区域的种群之间的关系还没有得到充分的研究。在这项研究中，我们分析了“朱雀复合体”（普通朱雀、伊比利亚朱雀 P. ibericus、加那利群岛朱雀 P. canariensis 和山地朱雀 P. sindianus）中的四个物种之间的关系，以及普通朱雀在整个分布范围内 mtDNA ND2 基因和 Z 连锁的 aconitase 基因（ACO1I9）的种内地理变异模式，包括最近在赫尔蒙山（黎巴嫩山脉）发现的一个繁殖种群。我们的数据支持了朱雀复合体及其在物种水平上的当前系统发育的单系性。在普通朱雀中，西伯利亚亚种 P. c. tristis 是最分化的亚种，可能代表一个单独的或初始的物种。其他普通朱雀亚种的 mtDNA 也有分化，然而，相邻亚种的谱系形成了广泛的杂交区。赫尔蒙山种群具有混合的遗传起源，但包含一些具有新颖独特谱系的鸟类，无法归入已知亚种。所有普通朱雀谱系在更新世爱奥尼亚阶段结束时分化。ACO1I9 等位基因的谱系分选并不像 mtDNA 那样完整。除了普通朱雀和加那利群岛朱雀共享多个等位基因外，朱雀种在 ACO1I9 上大多是不同的。AMOVA 确定了普通朱雀 ACO1I9 变异的地理结构，与 mtDNA ND2 基因的地理结构大致一致。遗传和其他数据表明，朱雀复合体是一组进化较年轻的类群，代表了亚种通过明显的完全生物物种形成进行“物种进化中的行动”的范例。
