American University of Beirut, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Education, Bliss Street-P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
Child Abuse Negl. 2019 Mar;89:29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.013. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
Since the outbreak of the conflict in Syria, many people, including children and adolescents, have fled their homes into neighboring countries. Little research exists on the psychosocial adjustment of refugee children and adolescents resettled in Lebanon and Jordan.
This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of PTSD and emotion dysregulation in Syrian refugee children and adolescents who resettled in Lebanon and Jordan. It was hypothesized that a combination of pre-trauma variables (age and gender), trauma-specific variables (traumatic events and time spent in host country, and host country), and post-trauma variables (coping strategies, family relationships, and school environment) would be associated with PTSD and emotion dysregulation.
Participants were 1000 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 7-18 years attending formal and non-formal schools representing various governorates in Lebanon and Jordan.
The trauma exposure scale, DSM-IV criteria for the assessment of PTSD, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, Kidcope, Family relationship scales, and school environment scale were administered in an interview format with children and adolescents at school by two trained psychologists. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to predict PTSD whereas hierarchical multiple regression was used to predict emotion dysregulation.
Results indicated that 45.6% of the refugees have developed PTSD with excessive risk for comorbidity with emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation was reported by older refugee children and adolescents. The prevalence of PTSD was higher in refugee children and adolescents who had resettled in Lebanon than for those who had resettled in Jordan. Refugee children and adolescents who were exposed to higher levels of war atrocities evidenced the greatest prevalence of PTSD and emotion dysregulation. PTSD symptomatology and emotion dysregulation in children and adolescents varied according to coping styles, family relationships, and school environment. Both decreased significantly with the passage of time spent in host country.
The results may be used to formulate cognitive-behavioral coping interventions that can lead to optimal developmental outcomes in the posttrauma environment.
自叙利亚冲突爆发以来，许多人，包括儿童和青少年，逃离家园进入邻国。在黎巴嫩和约旦重新安置的难民儿童和青少年的心理社会适应方面，研究甚少。
本研究旨在调查在黎巴嫩和约旦重新安置的叙利亚难民儿童和青少年中 PTSD 和情绪失调的发生率和预测因素。研究假设，创伤前变量（年龄和性别）、创伤特异性变量（创伤事件和在收容国的时间以及收容国）和创伤后变量（应对策略、家庭关系和学校环境）的组合与 PTSD 和情绪失调有关。
参与者为 1000 名年龄在 7-18 岁的叙利亚难民儿童和青少年，他们在黎巴嫩和约旦的各个省份的正规和非正规学校上学。
采用创伤暴露量表、DSM-IV 评估 PTSD 的标准、困难情绪调节量表短式、儿童应对量表、家庭关系量表和学校环境量表，由两名受过培训的心理学家在学校以访谈的形式对儿童和青少年进行评估。采用多元二项逻辑回归预测 PTSD，采用分层多元回归预测情绪失调。
结果表明，45.6%的难民患有 PTSD，且与情绪失调共病的风险过高。年龄较大的难民儿童和青少年出现情绪失调的情况较多。在黎巴嫩重新安置的难民儿童和青少年中，PTSD 的发生率高于在约旦重新安置的难民。经历过更高水平战争暴行的难民儿童和青少年出现 PTSD 和情绪失调的比例最大。儿童和青少年的 PTSD 症状和情绪失调因应对方式、家庭关系和学校环境而异。随着在收容国时间的推移，这两种情况都显著下降。
研究结果可用于制定认知行为应对干预措施，以在创伤后环境中实现最佳发展结果。
