Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
Ecotoxicology. 2019 Mar;28(2):143-153. doi: 10.1007/s10646-018-2007-4. Epub 2019 Jan 5.
Estrogens have been widely detected in water and might pose a potential threat to the aquatic ecosystem. However, little information is available about the occurrence, multi-phase fate and potential risks of estrogens in Hanjiang River (HR). In this work, the concentration, multi-phase distribution and risk assessment of eight estrogens were studied by investigating surface water and sediment samples from HR during two seasons. These samples were analyzed using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The concentrations of eight estrogens were 4.5-111 ng/l in surface water and 1.7-113 ng/g dry weight in sediments. 4-nonylphenol (NP) was the predominant estrogen in both water and sediments. The estrogens showed significantly spatial variability, with the highest average concentration in the lower section of HR (p < 0.01, F > 12.21). Meanwhile, NP, 17α-estradiol (αE2), Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tert-octyphenol (OP) in surface water exhibited higher concentrations in summer than in winter (p < 0.05, F > 4.62). The sediment-water partition coefficients of estrogens suggested that these compounds partitioned more to particulate phase. Risk assessment indicated that estriol (E3) was the main contributor to the total estradiol equivalent concentration. Moreover, estrogen mixtures could pose high ecological risks to aquatic organisms in surface water. Overall, estrogens are ubiquitous in HR, and their potential ecological risks should not be neglected.
雌激素已广泛存在于水中，可能对水生态系统构成潜在威胁。然而，有关汉江（HR）中雌激素的发生、多相命运和潜在风险的信息却很少。在这项工作中，通过在两个季节调查 HR 的地表水和沉积物样本，研究了八种雌激素的浓度、多相分布和风险评估。这些样品使用固相萃取（SPE）和液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）进行分析。八种雌激素在地表水中的浓度为 4.5-111ng/l，在沉积物中的浓度为 1.7-113ng/g 干重。4-壬基酚（NP）是水中和沉积物中主要的雌激素。雌激素表现出明显的空间变异性，在 HR 的下游段浓度最高（p<0.01，F>12.21）。同时，NP、17α-雌二醇（αE2）、双酚 A（BPA）和 4-叔辛基苯酚（OP）在夏季的地表水中浓度高于冬季（p<0.05，F>4.62）。雌激素的固-水分配系数表明，这些化合物更多地分配到颗粒物相。风险评估表明，雌三醇（E3）是总雌二醇当量浓度的主要贡献者。此外，雌激素混合物可能对地表水生物造成高生态风险。总的来说，雌激素在 HR 中普遍存在，其潜在的生态风险不容忽视。
