Oda Robert, Agsalda-Garcia Melissa, Loi Nicholas, Kamada Natalie, Milne Cris, Killeen Jeffrey, Choi So Yung, Lim Eunjung, Acosta-Maeda Tayro, Misra Anupam, Shiramizu Bruce
1 Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
2 Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2019 Mar;35(3):287-294. doi: 10.1089/AID.2018.0198. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
HIV-positive individuals are at increased risk for precancerous anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Anal cytology and digital rectal examination are performed as screening tools, but extensive training and appropriate instruments are required to follow up on an abnormal anal cytology. Thus, novel approaches to SIL evaluation could improve better health care follow-up by efficient and timely diagnosis to offer treatment options. Recently, Raman-enhanced spectroscopy (RESpect) has emerged as a potential new tool for early identification of SIL. RESpect is a noninvasive, label-free, laser-based technique that identifies molecular composition of tissues and cells. HIV-serodiscordant couples had anal biopsies obtained during high-resolution anoscopy. RESpect was performed on the specimens. Principal component analysis of the data identified differences between normal and abnormal tissue as well as HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals of each couple even with similar pathologies. RESpect has the potential to change the paradigm of anal pathology diagnosis and could provide insight into different pathways leading to SIL in HIV-serodiscordant couples.
HIV 阳性个体发生癌前肛门鳞状上皮内病变（SILs）的风险增加。肛门细胞学检查和直肠指检作为筛查工具，但对异常肛门细胞学检查进行随访需要广泛的培训和合适的仪器。因此，新型的 SIL 评估方法可以通过高效、及时的诊断提供治疗选择，从而改善医疗保健随访。最近，拉曼增强光谱（RESpect）已成为早期识别 SIL 的一种潜在新工具。RESpect 是一种基于激光的非侵入性、无标记技术，可识别组织和细胞的分子组成。HIV 血清学不一致的夫妇在高分辨率肛门镜检查期间进行了肛门活检。对标本进行 RESpect 检查。对数据进行主成分分析发现，即使病理相似，正常组织与异常组织之间以及每对夫妇中 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性个体之间也存在差异。RESpect 有可能改变肛门病理学诊断的模式，并可为 HIV 血清学不一致夫妇中导致 SIL 的不同途径提供见解。
