Johnston B L, Poole C L, Zito D R, Normansell D E, Westervelt F B, Farr B M
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville.
Am J Infect Control. 1988 Dec;16(6):235-40. doi: 10.1016/s0196-6553(88)80001-4.
In a longitudinal study to determine the seroprevalence of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the natural history of a positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) result we followed a cohort of 98 patients receiving long-term dialysis. Eight patients (8.2%) in the cohort had a positive EIA and a negative Western blot test result. The EIA-positive results of all patients seroconverted to negative during follow-up. No illness suggestive of HIV infection developed in any of the patients. Significantly associated with a false positive EIA were prior renal transplantation, transfusions during the months just before the positive EIA result, and a greater number of lifetime transfusions before the positive test result. We confirm that routine HIV screening of patients receiving long-term dialysis is associated with a high rate of false positive EIA results and conclude that such testing is unnecessary in the absence of established risk factors for HIV infection.
在一项纵向研究中，为了确定人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体的血清阳性率以及酶免疫测定（EIA）结果呈阳性的自然病程，我们对98例接受长期透析的患者进行了随访。该队列中有8例患者（8.2%）EIA结果呈阳性但蛋白印迹试验结果为阴性。所有患者的EIA阳性结果在随访期间均转为阴性。所有患者均未出现提示HIV感染的疾病。EIA出现假阳性结果与既往肾移植、在EIA结果呈阳性前几个月内有输血史以及在阳性检测结果之前有更多的终身输血次数显著相关。我们证实，对接受长期透析的患者进行常规HIV筛查会出现较高比例的EIA假阳性结果，并得出结论，在没有既定HIV感染风险因素的情况下，此类检测没有必要。
