Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2020 Jun;118(6):1207-1225. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000231. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
What basic personality traits characterize the psychologically healthy individual? The purpose of this article was to address this question by generating an expert-consensus model of the healthy person in the context of the 30 facets (and 5 domains) of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) system of traits. In a first set of studies, we found that the healthy personality can be described, with a high level of agreement, in terms of the 30 facets of the NEO-PI-R. High levels of openness to feelings, positive emotions, and straightforwardness, together with low levels on facets of neuroticism, were particularly indicative of healthy personality functioning. The expert-generated healthy personality profile was negatively correlated with profiles of pathological personality functioning and positively correlated with normative personality functioning. In a second set of studies, we matched the NEO-PI-R profiles of over 3,000 individuals from 7 different samples with the expert-generated healthy prototype to yield a healthy personality index. This index was characterized by good retest reliability and cross-rater agreement, high rank-order stability, and substantial heritability. Individuals with high scores on the healthy personality index were psychologically well-adjusted, had high self-esteem, good self-regulatory skills, an optimistic outlook on the world, and a clear and stable self-view. These individuals were low in aggression and meanness, unlikely to exploit others, and were relatively immune to stress and self-sufficient. We discuss the results in the light of their implications for both research and theory on healthy personality functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
什么样的基本人格特质可以描绘出心理健康的个体？本文旨在通过生成一个在修订版 NEO 人格量表（NEO-PI-R）的 30 个特质（和 5 个维度）背景下健康个体的专家共识模型来回答这个问题（Costa & McCrae, 1992）。在一系列研究中，我们发现健康人格可以用 NEO-PI-R 的 30 个特质来高度一致地描述。高水平的开放感受、积极情绪和直率，以及低水平的神经质特质，尤其能表明健康的人格功能。专家生成的健康人格特征与病理性人格特征的特征呈负相关，与正常人格特征呈正相关。在另一组研究中，我们将来自 7 个不同样本的 3000 多人的 NEO-PI-R 特征与专家生成的健康原型进行匹配，得出健康人格指数。这个指数的特点是重测信度和跨评分者一致性好，等级稳定性高，遗传度高。健康人格指数得分高的个体心理适应良好，自尊心高，自我调节能力强，对世界持乐观态度，自我形象清晰稳定。这些人攻击性和卑鄙性较低，不太可能利用他人，并且相对不受压力和自给自足的影响。我们将根据这些结果对健康人格功能的研究和理论意义进行讨论。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
