Inserm UMR-S 839, 75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Sciences and Engineering Faculty, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005, Paris, France.
Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain.
Neuropharmacology. 2019 Apr;148:131-138. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 5.
Food intake is tightly regulated by homeostatic and reward mechanisms and the adequate function of both is necessary for the proper maintenance of energy balance. Ghrelin impacts on these two levels to induce feeding. In this review, we present the actions of ghrelin in food reward, including their dependence on other relevant modulators implicated in the motivational aspects of feeding, including dopamine, opioid peptides, and endocannabinoids. We also describe the interaction between brain areas involved in homeostatic regulation of feeding and the reward system, with a special emphasis on the role of arcuate nucleus melanocortins and lateral hypothalamus orexins in ghrelin function. Finally, we briefly discuss the actions of ghrelin in food reward in obesity. We propose that new insights into the mechanism of action of ghrelin in the rewarding and motivational control of food intake will help to understand food-related disorders including obesity and anorexia.
食物摄入受到体内平衡和奖励机制的严格调节，这两种机制的正常功能对于维持能量平衡是必要的。胃饥饿素作用于这两个水平以诱导进食。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了胃饥饿素在食物奖励中的作用，包括其对其他与进食动机相关的相关调节剂的依赖性，包括多巴胺、阿片肽和内源性大麻素。我们还描述了参与摄食的体内平衡调节的脑区与奖励系统之间的相互作用，特别强调了弓状核黑素细胞刺激素和外侧下丘脑食欲素在胃饥饿素功能中的作用。最后，我们简要讨论了胃饥饿素在肥胖症中的食物奖励作用。我们提出，深入了解胃饥饿素在食物摄入的奖励和动机控制中的作用机制将有助于理解包括肥胖症和厌食症在内的与食物相关的疾病。
