Gösling T, Krettek C
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Holwedestr. 16, 38118, Braunschweig, Deutschland.
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurg. 2019 Jan;122(1):59-75. doi: 10.1007/s00113-018-0591-7.
Femoral shaft fractures after completion of growth predominantly affect young people with healthy bones. The causes are mostly high-velocity traffic accidents, crushing or running over mechanisms and falls from a great height. Gunshot wounds are relatively rare in Germany but have a certain importance internationally and in military medicine. Accompanying injuries in local or other regions are frequent. The predominant fracture types are transverse, wedge, segment and comminuted fractures. Spiral fractures are a sign of indirect force and are therefore frequently found in older patients with osteoporosis. Atypical fractures under or following bisphosphonate treatment are a new entity, which are typically subtrochanteric and begin on the lateral side of the bone. The characteristics of pathological fractures, femoral shaft fractures in childhood and adolescence as well as periprosthetic fractures are not dealt with in this article.
生长完成后发生的股骨干骨折主要影响骨骼健康的年轻人。其原因大多是高速交通事故、挤压或碾压机制以及高处坠落。在德国，枪伤相对少见，但在国际上和军事医学领域具有一定重要性。局部或其他部位的伴随损伤很常见。主要的骨折类型为横行、楔形、节段性和粉碎性骨折。螺旋骨折是间接暴力的征象，因此常见于患有骨质疏松症的老年患者。双膦酸盐治疗期间或之后发生的非典型骨折是一种新情况，通常为转子下骨折，起始于股骨外侧。本文不涉及病理性骨折、儿童和青少年股骨干骨折以及假体周围骨折的特点。
