Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2019 Jun;11(3):306-315. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12731. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
During recent years, many studies have shown that different processes including drift, environmental selection and dispersal can be important for the assembly of bacterial communities in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, we lack a conceptual overview about the ecological context and factors that influence the relative importance of the different assembly mechanisms and determine their dynamics in time and space. Focusing on free-living, i.e., nonhost associated, bacterial communities, this minireview, therefore, summarizes and conceptualizes findings from empirical studies about how (i) environmental factors, such as environmental heterogeneity, disturbances, productivity and trophic interactions; (ii) connectivity and dispersal rates (iii) spatial scale, (iv) community properties and traits and (v) the use of taxonomic/phylogenetic or functional metrics influence the relative importance of different community assembly processes. We find that there is to-date little consistency among studies and suggest that future studies should now address how (i)-(v) differ between habitats and organisms and how this, in turn, influences the temporal and spatial-scale dependency of community assembly processes in microorganisms.
近年来，许多研究表明，漂移、环境选择和扩散等不同过程可能对水生和陆地生态系统中细菌群落的组装很重要。然而，我们缺乏关于影响不同组装机制相对重要性的生态背景和因素的概念性概述，并确定它们在时间和空间上的动态。本综述聚焦于自由生活的、即非宿主相关的细菌群落，总结和概念化了关于（i）环境因素，如环境异质性、干扰、生产力和营养相互作用；（ii）连通性和扩散率；（iii）空间尺度；（iv）群落属性和特征；（v）分类/系统发育或功能指标的使用如何影响不同群落组装过程的相对重要性的实证研究结果。我们发现，迄今为止，研究之间的一致性很小，并建议未来的研究应该解决（i）-（v）在栖息地和生物体之间的差异，以及这反过来如何影响微生物群落组装过程在时间和空间尺度上的依赖性。
