School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Ecol Lett. 2019 Mar;22(3):518-526. doi: 10.1111/ele.13213. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Temperature often affects maternal investment in offspring. Across and within species, mothers in colder environments generally produce larger offspring than mothers in warmer environments, but the underlying drivers of this relationship remain unresolved. We formally evaluated the ubiquity of the temperature-offspring size relationship and found strong support for a negative relationship across a wide variety of ectotherms. We then tested an explanation for this relationship that formally links life-history and metabolic theories. We estimated the costs of development across temperatures using a series of laboratory experiments on model organisms, and a meta-analysis across 72 species of ectotherms spanning five phyla. We found that both metabolic and developmental rates increase with temperature, but developmental rate is more temperature sensitive than metabolic rate, such that the overall costs of development decrease with temperature. Hence, within a species' natural temperature range, development at relatively cooler temperatures requires mothers to produce larger, better provisioned offspring.
温度通常会影响母体对子代的投资。在不同物种和同一物种内，生活在较冷环境中的母亲通常会产下比生活在温暖环境中的母亲更大的后代，但这种关系的潜在驱动因素仍未得到解决。我们正式评估了温度与后代大小关系的普遍性，并在广泛的变温动物中发现了强有力的负相关关系支持。然后，我们测试了一种正式将生活史和代谢理论联系起来的解释。我们使用一系列模型生物的实验室实验和跨越五个门的 72 种变温动物的荟萃分析来估计跨温度的发育成本。我们发现代谢和发育率都随温度升高而增加，但发育率比代谢率对温度更敏感，因此发育的总体成本随温度降低而降低。因此，在一个物种的自然温度范围内，在相对较冷的温度下发育需要母亲产下更大、营养更好的后代。
