Saleh Soha, Sandroff Brian M, Vitiello Tyler, Owoeye Oyindamola, Hoxha Armand, Hake Patrick, Goverover Yael, Wylie Glenn, Yue Guang, DeLuca John
Human Performance and Engineering Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2018 Dec 11;12:296. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00296. eCollection 2018.
Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience declines in physical and cognitive abilities and are challenged by dual-tasks. Dual-tasking causes a drop in performance, or what is known as dual-task cost (DTC). This study examined DTC of walking speed (WS) and cognitive performance (CP) in pwMS and healthy controls (HCs) and the effect of dual-tasking on cortical activation of bilateral premotor cortices (PMC) and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA). Fourteen pwMS and 14 HCs performed three experimental tasks: (1) single cognitive task while standing (SingCog); (2) single walking task (SingWalk); and (3) dual-task (DualT) that included concurrent performance of the SingCog and SingWalk. Six trials were collected for each condition and included measures of cortical activation, WS and CP. WS of pwMS was significantly lower than HC, but neuropsychological (NP) measures were not significantly different. pwMS and HC groups had similar DTC of WS, while DTC of CP was only significant in the MS group; processing speed and visual memory predicted 55% of this DTC. DualT vs. SingWalk recruited more right-PMC activation only in HCs and was associated with better processing speed. DualT vs. SingCog recruited more right-PMC activation and bilateral-SMA activation in both HC and pwMS. Lower baseline WS and worse processing speed measures in pwMS predicted higher recruitment of right-SMA (rSMA) activation suggesting maladaptive recruitment. Lack of significant difference in NP measures between groups does not rule out the influence of cognitive factors on dual-tasking performance and cortical activations in pwMS, which might have a negative impact on quality of life.
多发性硬化症患者（pwMS）的身体和认知能力会下降，并面临双重任务的挑战。执行双重任务会导致表现下降，即所谓的双重任务成本（DTC）。本研究考察了pwMS患者和健康对照者（HCs）在步行速度（WS）和认知表现（CP）方面的DTC，以及双重任务对双侧运动前皮层（PMC）和双侧辅助运动区（SMA）皮质激活的影响。14名pwMS患者和14名HCs完成了三项实验任务：（1）站立时的单一认知任务（SingCog）；（2）单一步行任务（SingWalk）；以及（3）双重任务（DualT），即同时进行SingCog和SingWalk。每种条件下收集6次试验数据，包括皮质激活、WS和CP的测量。pwMS患者的WS显著低于HCs，但神经心理学（NP）测量结果无显著差异。pwMS组和HCs组在WS方面的DTC相似，而CP的DTC仅在MS组中显著；处理速度和视觉记忆可预测该DTC的55%。与SingWalk相比，DualT仅在HCs中引起更多右侧PMC激活，并与更好的处理速度相关。与SingCog相比，DualT在HCs和pwMS中均引起更多右侧PMC激活和双侧SMA激活。pwMS患者较低的基线WS和较差的处理速度测量结果预示着右侧SMA（rSMA）激活的募集增加，提示存在适应性不良的募集。两组之间NP测量结果无显著差异并不排除认知因素对pwMS患者双重任务表现和皮质激活的影响，这可能对生活质量产生负面影响。
