Bryan L E
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Alberta, Canada.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988 Jul;22 Suppl A:1-15. doi: 10.1093/jac/22.supplement_a.1.
Resistance to antimicrobial agents may result from intrinsic properties of organisms, through mutation and through plasmid- and transposon-specified genes. beta-Lactam resistance is most frequently associated with one or more chromosomal- or plasmid-specified beta-lactamases. Recently, mutations modifying penicillin-binding proteins have been detected with increased frequency as a cause of beta-lactam resistance. Mixed mechanisms, reduced permeability and tolerance are other causes of resistance. Aminoglycoside resistance always involves some modification of drug uptake, most often due to a variety of enzymes modifying these compounds. Reduced uptake is a primary cause of resistance in anaerobic bacteria and bacteria growing anaerobically, some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mutants that arise during antimicrobial therapy and are defective in energy-generation systems. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents is presented in tabular form.
对抗菌药物的耐药性可能源于生物体的固有特性、突变以及质粒和转座子指定的基因。β-内酰胺耐药性最常与一种或多种染色体或质粒指定的β-内酰胺酶相关。最近，作为β-内酰胺耐药性的一个原因，修饰青霉素结合蛋白的突变被检测到的频率增加。混合机制、通透性降低和耐受性是耐药性的其他原因。氨基糖苷类耐药性总是涉及药物摄取的某种修饰，最常见的是由于多种修饰这些化合物的酶。摄取减少是厌氧菌和厌氧生长细菌、一些铜绿假单胞菌菌株以及抗菌治疗期间出现的能量产生系统有缺陷的突变体耐药性的主要原因。对其他抗菌药物的耐药性以表格形式列出。
