Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 4;20(1):163. doi: 10.3390/ijms20010163.
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-related adhesion proteins are important in metastasis. Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1), a suppressor of -transformation, is localized to cell⁻ECM adhesions where it interacts with the Particularly Interesting New Cysteine-Histidine rich protein (PINCH-1), being connected to Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) and alpha-parvin (PARVA), a direct actin-binding protein. was also found upregulated in metastatic breast cancer (BC) samples and was recently demonstrated to have metastasis-promoting properties. In the present study, we transiently silenced in BC cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. We found that silencing leads to downregulation of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (), which has been associated with both actin cytoskeleton reorganization and metastasis. silencing also reduced the mRNA expression of and cell division control protein-42 (), while increasing that of and regardless of the presence of GDF-15. However, the downregulation of actin-modulating genes , , Rho associated kinase-1 (), and following depletion was completely reversed by GDF-15 treatment in both cell lines. Moreover, complete rescue of the inhibitory effect of silencing on cell invasion was achieved by GDF-15 treatment, which also correlated with matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Finally, using a graph clustering approach, we corroborated our findings. This is the first study providing evidence of a functional association between and with regard to cancer cell invasion.
细胞外基质(ECM)相关黏附蛋白在转移中很重要。Ras 抑制因子-1(RSU-1)是一种转化抑制因子,定位于细胞-ECM 黏附处,与特别有趣的新半胱氨酸-组氨酸富含蛋白(PINCH-1)相互作用,与整合素连接激酶(ILK)和 α-辅肌动蛋白(PARVA)相连,后者是一种直接与肌动蛋白结合的蛋白。在转移性乳腺癌(BC)样本中也发现上调,并最近被证明具有促进转移的特性。在本研究中,我们在 BC 细胞 MCF-7 和 MDA-MB-231 中转染沉默。我们发现,沉默导致生长分化因子-15()下调,与肌动蛋白细胞骨架重组和转移有关。沉默还降低了细胞分裂控制蛋白-42()和的 mRNA 表达,而无论是否存在 GDF-15,都增加了和的表达。然而,在两种细胞系中,GDF-15 处理完全逆转了 耗尽后肌动蛋白调节基因、、Rho 相关激酶-1()和的下调。此外,GDF-15 处理完全挽救了 沉默对细胞侵袭的抑制作用,这与基质金属蛋白酶-2 的表达相关。最后,使用图形聚类方法,我们证实了我们的发现。这是第一项研究,提供了关于癌症细胞侵袭的 与 之间功能关联的证据。