Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2019 Jan 8;16(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12989-018-0285-x.
The effects of carbon nanotubes on skin toxicity have not been extensively studied; however, our lab has previously shown that a carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exacerbates the 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene induced contact hypersensitivity response in mice. Here we examine the role of carboxylation in MWCNT skin toxicity.
MWCNTs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, zetasizer, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to fully characterize the physical properties. Two MWCNTs with different levels of surface carboxylation were chosen for further testing. The MWCNTs with a high level of carboxylation displayed increased cytotoxicity in a HaCaT keratinocyte cell line, compared to the MWCNTs with intermediate levels of carboxylation. However, neither functionalized MWCNT increased the level of in vitro reactive oxygen species suggesting an alternative mechanism of cytotoxicity. Each MWCNT was tested in the contact hypersensitivity model, and only the MWCNTs with greater than 20% surface carboxylation exacerbated the ear swelling responses. Analysis of the skin after MWCNT exposure reveals that the same MWCNTs with a high level of carboxylation increase epidermal thickness, mast cell and basophil degranulation, and lead to increases in polymorphonuclear cell recruitment when co-administered with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene.
The data presented here suggest that acute, topical application of low doses of MWCNTs can induce keratinocyte cytotoxicity and exacerbation of allergic skin conditions in a carboxylation dependent manner.
碳纳米管对皮肤毒性的影响尚未得到广泛研究；然而，我们的实验室先前已经表明，羧基化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）可加剧 2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠接触性超敏反应。在这里，我们研究了羧基化在 MWCNT 皮肤毒性中的作用。
通过透射电子显微镜、Zetasizer 和 X 射线光电子能谱分析对 MWCNTs 进行了全面表征，以充分表征其物理性质。选择两种具有不同表面羧化程度的 MWCNTs 进行进一步测试。与具有中等水平羧化程度的 MWCNTs 相比，具有高水平羧化程度的 MWCNTs 在 HaCaT 角质形成细胞系中表现出更高的细胞毒性。然而，两种功能化的 MWCNT 均未增加体外活性氧的水平，表明存在替代的细胞毒性机制。将每种 MWCNT 都在接触超敏反应模型中进行了测试，只有表面羧化程度大于 20%的 MWCNT 加剧了耳朵肿胀反应。MWCNT 暴露后皮肤分析表明，具有高水平羧化程度的相同 MWCNT 增加了表皮厚度、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞脱颗粒，并在与 2,4-二硝基氟苯共同给药时导致多形核细胞募集增加。
这里提出的数据表明，急性、局部应用低剂量的 MWCNT 可引起角质形成细胞毒性，并以羧化依赖性方式加剧过敏皮肤状况。
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