Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Mar;18(3):175-196. doi: 10.1038/s41573-018-0006-z.
Immunotherapy has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing, with numerous treatments in clinical and preclinical development. However, a key challenge in the broad implementation of immunotherapies for cancer remains the controlled modulation of the immune system, as these therapeutics have serious adverse effects including autoimmunity and nonspecific inflammation. Understanding how to increase the response rates to various classes of immunotherapy is key to improving efficacy and controlling these adverse effects. Advanced biomaterials and drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and the use of T cells to deliver therapies, could effectively harness immunotherapies and improve their potency while reducing toxic side effects. Here, we discuss these research advances, as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating delivery technologies into cancer immunotherapy, and we critically analyse the outlook for these emerging areas.
免疫疗法已成为治疗癌症的一种强大的临床策略。免疫疗法药物的批准数量一直在增加，有许多治疗方法处于临床和临床前开发阶段。然而，在广泛实施癌症免疫疗法方面的一个关键挑战仍然是免疫系统的受控调节，因为这些疗法具有严重的副作用，包括自身免疫和非特异性炎症。了解如何提高各种类型免疫疗法的反应率是提高疗效和控制这些副作用的关键。先进的生物材料和药物输送系统，如纳米颗粒和使用 T 细胞输送疗法，可有效地利用免疫疗法并提高其效力，同时减少毒性副作用。在这里，我们讨论了这些研究进展，以及将输送技术整合到癌症免疫疗法中的机会和挑战，并对这些新兴领域的前景进行了批判性分析。
