Systematics of leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) feeding on dogwood ( spp.) in Northeast Asia, with the description of three new species.

During an ongoing DNA-barcoding campaign of the leaf-mining moths that feed on woody plants in Northeast Asia, four lineages of the genus (Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae) were discovered on dogwood ( spp): Ermolaev, 1987 on Hemsl. (Japan: Hokkaido) and three new species - one feeding on , L. and Wall. in Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), a second species on in China (Yunnan) and a third on Siberian dogwood L. in Russia (Siberia). All these species showed differences in morphology, in the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene and in two nuclear genes (histone H3 and 28S ribosomal RNA). No correlation was found between the deep mitochondrial splits observed and the infection pattern. Based on both morphological and molecular evidence, the three recently discovered lineages are described here as new species: Kobayashi & Triberti, (Japan), Kirichenko, Ohshima & Huang, . (China) and Kirichenko, Triberti & Lopez-Vaamonde, (Russia). In addition, the authors re-describe the adult morphology of , provide the first record of this species from Japan and highlight the diagnostic characters that allow these -feeding species to be distinguished.