Drewnowski Adam, Buszkiewicz James, Aggarwal Anju
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2018 Dec 12;7:100339. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100339. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Documenting geographic disparities in dietary behaviors can help inform public health interventions at the local level.
To study and visualize socioeconomic gradient in soda and salad consumption using a geo-localized measure of socioeconomic status in contrast to more traditional measures.
Geo-localized dietary intake data came from the Seattle Obesity Study I, a population-based sample of King County adults (n=1099). Socio-demographic data and soda and salad consumption frequencies (times/week) were obtained by 20-min telephone survey. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were used to construct Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. Individual residential property values obtained from the King County tax assessor. Multivariable linear regressions examined socioeconomic gradient in the frequency of soda and salad consumption by residential property values, the primary independent variable, in comparison to annual household incomes and educational attainment, with adjustment for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Geographic disparities in soda and salad consumption by property value metric were illustrated at the census block level using modeled predicted marginal means.
Among all three socioeconomic indicators (income, education and residential property values), residential property values captured strongest gradient in soda and salad consumption. Higher quintiles of residential property values were associated with lower soda and higher salad consumption. Respondents living in the highest quintile of property values -1.04 fewer sodas per week (95% CI= -1.87, -0.21) and 0.89 more salads per week (95% CI= 0.36, 1.42), adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Residential property values illustrated geographic disparities in soda and salad consumption at the census-block level.
Geo-localized disparities in food consumption patterns by neighborhood can inform current discourse on the socioeconomic determinants of health, while providing a useful tool for targeted interventions at the local level.
记录饮食行为中的地理差异有助于为地方层面的公共卫生干预提供信息。
使用社会经济地位的地理定位指标，与更传统的指标相比，研究并可视化汽水和沙拉消费中的社会经济梯度。
地理定位的饮食摄入数据来自西雅图肥胖研究I，这是一个以金县成年人为基础的样本（n = 1099）。通过20分钟的电话调查获取社会人口统计学数据以及汽水和沙拉的消费频率（次/周）。食物频率问卷（FFQ）数据用于构建健康饮食指数（HEI）得分。从金县税务评估员处获取个人住宅房产价值。多变量线性回归通过住宅房产价值这一主要自变量，与家庭年收入和教育程度相比，研究汽水和沙拉消费频率中的社会经济梯度，并对年龄、性别和种族/族裔进行调整。使用建模预测的边际均值在普查街区层面展示按房产价值指标划分的汽水和沙拉消费的地理差异。
在所有三个社会经济指标（收入、教育和住宅房产价值）中，住宅房产价值在汽水和沙拉消费中呈现出最强的梯度。住宅房产价值较高的五分位数与较低的汽水消费和较高的沙拉消费相关。居住在房产价值最高五分位数的受访者——每周少喝1.04杯汽水（95%可信区间 = -1.87，-0.21），每周多吃0.89份沙拉（95%可信区间 = 0.36，1.42），对社会人口统计学协变量进行了调整。住宅房产价值在普查街区层面展示了汽水和沙拉消费的地理差异。
邻里间食物消费模式的地理定位差异可以为当前关于健康的社会经济决定因素的讨论提供信息，同时为地方层面的针对性干预提供有用工具。
