Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
Ambio. 2019 Oct;48(10):1183-1194. doi: 10.1007/s13280-018-01144-z. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
Dam construction and operation modify land systems. We synthesized 178 observations of dam-induced land system changes from 54 peer-reviewed case studies. Changing extents of forests (23%), agricultural land (21%), and built-up areas (11%) were reported frequently, alongside alterations in land use intensity (23%). Land cover changes were mostly related to hydropower and multi-purpose dams, while irrigation dams dominantly caused land use intensity changes. While a significant share of the changes was caused by reservoir flooding (29%), indirect effects which interact with societal and environmental systems (42%) were of utmost importance. We suggested the distance to the dam and the time since commissioning as potential controls for the direction of land system changes. Our insights provide opportunities for future inductive investigations across large populations of dams at regional to global scales and highlight that multi-disciplinary research perspectives are imperative for the production of generalizable knowledge.
大坝的建设和运行改变了土地系统。我们综合了 54 篇同行评议案例研究中 178 次大坝引起的土地系统变化的观测结果。频繁报告的变化包括森林（23%）、农业用地（21%）和建成区（11%）的变化，以及土地利用强度的变化（23%）。土地覆盖的变化主要与水电和多用途大坝有关，而灌溉大坝主要导致土地利用强度的变化。尽管水库洪水（29%）导致了相当大一部分变化，但与社会和环境系统相互作用的间接影响（42%）至关重要。我们提出了大坝距离和竣工时间作为土地系统变化方向的潜在控制因素。我们的研究结果为在区域到全球范围内对大量大坝进行归纳性研究提供了机会，并强调多学科研究视角对于产生普遍适用的知识至关重要。
