Management School, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, China.
Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022 Jan 27;2022:7511216. doi: 10.1155/2022/7511216. eCollection 2022.
Hydropower offers significant value for global carbon peak and carbon neutrality. However, the construction of hydropower stations leads to significant changes in land use and cover structure in reservoir areas, which affect ecosystem services including carbon balance. Furthermore, the development and operation of hydropower project require vast investment. However, the reservoir ecosystem's carbon storage and carbon emission reduction caused by hydropower could offer economic benefits when the official carbon market trading in China was launched in 2021. Therefore, it is necessary to assess comprehensively the changes in carbon storage and its value to the ecosystem in reservoir areas. The evaluation is of great importance for carbon loss reduction, land management, and hydropower development. This study provides a comprehensive and effective framework for evaluating changes in carbon storage and has its value to the reservoir ecosystem. It combines land utilization classification data obtained from remote sensing image interpretation and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) carbon storage model. Based on the case study of the Xiluodu reservoir area, they were evaluated from two aspects: physical quantity and value quantity. The results show that the carbon storage in the Xiluodu reservoir area increased by 8,504.42 Mg from 2000 to 2018. The spatial distribution of the carbon storage shows a trend of high in the north and west, but low in the south and east. The construction of hydropower stations and the rise of reservoir water level covered a large amount of land, which led to the loss of carbon storage in reservoir areas. By implementing soil and water conservation and vegetation protection policies, parts of the cultivated land and grassland were converted into forestland, which was the main source for increasing the ecosystem's carbon storage. Moreover, carbon emission reduction was achieved by hydropower. In terms of the monetary value, the carbon storage value of the reservoir ecosystem increased to 19 million RMB during the construction period (2005-2015). The carbon storage value of the reservoir ecosystem increased to 611 million RMB during the operation period (2015-2018). The latter was greater than the maintenance cost of the hydropower station and exceeded the amortized cost of hydropower development, indicating the feasibility and economic benefits of hydropower development. These findings provide guidance for future hydropower development decisions in Jinsha River Basin and also others.
水能为全球碳达峰、碳中和目标提供重要价值。然而，水电站的建设会导致库区土地利用和覆被结构发生显著变化，从而影响到包括碳平衡在内的生态系统服务。此外，水电项目的开发和运营需要大量投资。但是，当中国于 2021 年正式启动官方碳市场交易时，水电项目导致的水库生态系统碳储存和碳减排可以带来经济效益。因此，有必要综合评估库区碳储存的变化及其对生态系统的价值。这种评估对于减少碳损失、土地管理和水电开发具有重要意义。本研究提供了一个全面有效的评估水库生态系统碳储存变化的框架，具有一定的价值。它结合了从遥感图像解译中获取的土地利用分类数据和综合生态系统服务和权衡评估（InVEST）碳储存模型。基于溪洛渡水库的案例研究，从物理数量和价值数量两个方面进行了评估。结果表明，2000 年至 2018 年，溪洛渡水库的碳储存量增加了 8504.42 吨。碳储存的空间分布呈现出北部和西部高、南部和东部低的趋势。水电站的建设和水库水位的上升覆盖了大量土地，导致水库地区的碳储存损失。通过实施水土保持和植被保护政策，部分耕地和草地转化为林地，这是增加生态系统碳储存的主要来源。此外，水电也实现了碳减排。在货币价值方面，水库生态系统在建设期间（2005-2015 年）的碳储存价值增加到 1900 万元。水库生态系统在运营期间（2015-2018 年）的碳储存价值增加到 6.11 亿元。后者大于水电站的维护成本，超过了水电开发的摊销成本，表明水电开发具有可行性和经济效益。这些发现为金沙江流域及其他地区未来的水电开发决策提供了指导。
