Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35121, Padova, Italy.
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, 33199, Miami, FL, USA.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019 May 1;487:12-17. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.021. Epub 2019 Jan 6.
Bone and skeletal muscle are currently considered a unified functional unit, showing complementary regulation at mechanical, biochemical, paracrine and metabolic levels. This functional unit undergoes a central hormonal regulation which is mainly ascribed to sex steroids and, in particular, androgens. However, recent evidence suggest that another testicular hormone lines the classical anabolic effect of testosterone on bone and muscle, the insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) acting on its specific receptor RXFP2. This minireview focuses on the most recent findings describing the role of INSL3/RXFP2 axis on the muscolo-skeletal system, from the mechanistic insights to the phenotypic consequences. Pathophysiological and therapeutic widenings deriving from available data are also discussed.
骨骼和骨骼肌目前被认为是一个统一的功能单元，在机械、生化、旁分泌和代谢水平上表现出互补的调节作用。这个功能单元受到中枢激素的调节，主要归因于性激素，特别是雄激素。然而，最近的证据表明，另一种睾丸激素胰岛素样肽 3（INSL3）通过其特定的受体 RXFP2 作用于骨骼和肌肉，发挥了与经典的睾酮的合成代谢作用不同的作用。这篇综述聚焦于最近描述 INSL3/RXFP2 轴在肌肉骨骼系统中的作用的研究发现，包括从机制研究到表型后果的各个方面。还讨论了从现有数据中得出的病理生理学和治疗学的扩展。
