INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence 33405, France.
Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France.
eNeuro. 2019 Jan 4;5(6). doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0339-17.2018. eCollection 2018 Nov-Dec.
We propose a model that includes interactions between the cortex, the basal ganglia (BG), and the thalamus based on a dual competition. We hypothesize that the striatum, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the internal globus pallidus (GPi), the thalamus, and the cortex are involved in closed feedback loops through the hyperdirect and direct pathways. These loops support a competition process that results in the ability of BG to make a cognitive decision followed by a motor one. Considering lateral cortical interactions, another competition takes place inside the cortex allowing the latter to make a cognitive and a motor decision. We show how this dual competition endows the model with two regimes. One is driven by reinforcement learning and the other by Hebbian learning. The final decision is made according to a combination of these two mechanisms with a gradual transfer from the former to the latter. We confirmed these theoretical results on primates () using a novel paradigm predicted by the model.
我们提出了一个基于双重竞争的模型，其中包括大脑皮层、基底节（BG）和丘脑之间的相互作用。我们假设纹状体、丘脑下核（STN）、内苍白球（GPi）、丘脑和皮层通过直接和间接通路参与闭环反馈回路。这些回路支持竞争过程，从而使 BG 能够做出认知决策，然后再做出运动决策。考虑到外侧皮质的相互作用，另一个竞争发生在皮质内部，使皮质能够做出认知和运动决策。我们展示了这种双重竞争如何使模型具有两种状态。一种是由强化学习驱动，另一种是由赫布学习驱动。最终的决策是根据这两种机制的组合做出的，从前者逐渐转移到后者。我们使用模型预测的一种新范式在灵长类动物（）上验证了这些理论结果。
