Sudiwala Sonia, Knox Sarah M
Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Genesis. 2019 Jan;57(1):e23282. doi: 10.1002/dvg.23282.
Organs and structures of the vertebrate head perform a plethora of tasks including visualization, digestion, vocalization/communication, auditory functions, and respiration in response to neuronal input. This input is primarily derived from afferent and efferent fibers of the cranial nerves (sensory and motor respectively) and efferent fibers of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Despite their essential contribution to the function and integration of processes necessary for survival, how organ innervation is established remains poorly understood. Furthermore, while it has been appreciated for some time that innervation of organs by cranial nerves is regulated in part by secreted factors and cell surface ligands expressed by those organs, whether nerves also regulate the development of facial organs is only beginning to be elucidated. This review will provide an overview of cranial nerve development in relation to the organs they innervate, and outline their known contributions to craniofacial development, thereby providing insight into how nerves may shape the organs they innervate during development. Throughout, the interaction between different cell and tissue types will be highlighted.
脊椎动物头部的器官和结构执行大量任务，包括视觉、消化、发声/交流、听觉功能以及响应神经元输入的呼吸功能。这种输入主要来自颅神经的传入和传出纤维（分别为感觉纤维和运动纤维）以及颈交感干的传出纤维。尽管它们对生存所必需的功能和过程整合至关重要，但器官神经支配是如何建立的仍知之甚少。此外，虽然人们已经认识到颅神经对器官的神经支配部分受这些器官分泌的因子和细胞表面配体的调节，但神经是否也调节面部器官的发育才刚刚开始被阐明。本综述将概述与它们所支配的器官相关的颅神经发育，并概述它们对颅面发育的已知贡献，从而深入了解神经在发育过程中如何塑造它们所支配的器官。在整个过程中，将突出不同细胞和组织类型之间的相互作用。
