Si Lin-Lin, Zhou Jing-Jie, Wu Liang-Huan, Hu Zhao-Ping
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Dec 8;39(12):5383-5390. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201803182.
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of four fertilization treatments, that is, controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), biochar combined with controlled-release fertilizer (BC+ CRF), biochar combined with stabilized fertilizer (BC+ SF), and biochar combined with controlled-release fertilizer and stabilized fertilizer (BC+ CRF+ SF), on the dynamics of the pH and nitrogen mass concentration and runoff losses of nitrogen in paddy field surface water in the Taihu Lake Basin. The results show that the average pH of the surface water decreases by 3.16%-4.48% for BC+ CRF+ SF and is in the range of 5.64-8.15. The average total nitrogen (TN) mass concentration of surface water ranges from 19.05 to 25.23 mg·L. A significant decrease of 4.75%-6.58% in the TN mass concentration of surface water was observed for BC+ CRF+ SF. The average ammonium (NH-N) and nitrate (NO-N) mass concentration of the surface water vary from 0.01-17.26 mg·L and from 0.24-3.11 mg·L, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen is dominated by NH-N in surface water. Compared with individual CRF, other treatments significantly reduce the NH-N mass concentration of surface water by 35.89%-48.78% and the NO-N mass concentration of surface water by 20.54%-37.01%. The BC+ SF combination shows a significant reduction in the NH-N and NO-N mass concentration of the surface water, which greatly lowers the risk of inorganic nitrogen loss via runoff. The runoff losses of TN, NH-N, and NO-N are in the range of 16.24-18.09, 1.76-2.22 and 0.76-1.38 kg·hm, respectively. Compared with the individual CRF, the runoff loss of TN, NH-N, and NO-N of other treatments is reduced. The BC+ CRF+ SF combination shows a significant reduction in the runoff losses of nitrogen, which greatly lowers the risk of nitrogen nonpoint source pollution from paddy fields.
开展田间试验，研究太湖流域稻田地表水中控释肥（CRF）、生物炭与控释肥配施（BC + CRF）、生物炭与稳定肥配施（BC + SF）、生物炭与控释肥及稳定肥配施（BC + CRF + SF）这四种施肥处理对pH值动态变化、氮质量浓度以及氮径流损失的影响。结果表明，BC + CRF + SF处理使地表水的平均pH值降低了3.16% - 4.48%，pH值范围为5.64 - 8.15。地表水的平均总氮（TN）质量浓度在19.05至25.23mg·L之间。BC + CRF + SF处理使地表水的TN质量浓度显著降低了4.75% - 6.58%。地表水的平均铵态氮（NH₄-N）和硝态氮（NO₃-N）质量浓度分别在0.01 - 17.26mg·L和0.24 - 3.11mg·L之间。地表水中无机氮以NH₄-N为主。与单独施用CRF相比，其他处理显著降低了地表水的NH₄-N质量浓度35.89% - 48.78%，降低了地表水的NO₃-N质量浓度20.54% - 37.01%。BC + SF组合显著降低了地表水的NH₄-N和NO₃-N质量浓度；极大降低了无机氮径流流失风险。TN、NH₄-N和NO₃-N的径流损失分别在16.24 - 18.09、1.76 - 2.22和0.76 - 1.38kg·hm²范围内。与单独施用CRF相比，其他处理的TN、NH₄-N和NO₃-N径流损失均有所降低。BC + CRF + SF组合显著降低了氮的径流损失，极大降低了稻田氮面源污染风险。
