Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-Cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Oct 15;46(11):477. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02249-z.
Tilapia aquaculture is rapidly expanding worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. However, metal pollution in aquaculture presents significant environmental and human health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of 13 potentially toxic metals (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Se, and Zn) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), surface water, and sediment from freshwater and brackish water aquaculture ponds. The study also assessed the associated environmental and human health risks. Samples of tilapia, water, and sediment were collected between October and November 2021 and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of As, Cr, Pb, Se, and Zn in tilapia muscle of both freshwater and brackish water, as well as Cd and Ni in brackish water, exceeded recommended EDI values. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was less than 1 for most metals, except for As in brackish water tilapia and Cr in both freshwater and brackish water tilapia, indicating potential health risks. The Target Cancer Risk (TR) values for As in both freshwater and brackish water tilapia, and for Cr and Ni in freshwater tilapia, exceeded acceptable ranges. While the concentrations of metals in surface water of both freshwater and brackish water tilapia farms varied, all mean concentrations were below WHO recommended limits. The contamination factor (C) values were less than 1 for all metals in both types of aquaculture ponds, except for Zn in freshwater sediment and Se in brackish water sediment. Additionally, the calculated risk indices including the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (I), Ecological Risk Factor (E), and Potential Ecological Risk Factor (PER) for sediment were below the risk thresholds values (PLI < 1, I < 0, E < 40, and PER < 150). The significant positive correlations were found between tilapia muscle and the sediment of the respective ponds for arsenic (As) (ρ= 0.8, p<0.002) and Cr (ρ= 0.7, p<0.02). Although the levels of studied metals in water and sediment from freshwater and brackish water aquaculture ponds were generally within recommended guidelines, this study underscores the need for continuous monitoring and preventative measures, particularly to address elevated levels of As and Cr in tilapia muscle, which may pose potential risks to human health.
罗非鱼养殖在全球范围内迅速扩张，特别是在孟加拉国。然而，水产养殖中的金属污染对环境和人类健康构成了重大风险。本研究旨在评估 13 种潜在有毒金属（砷、铍、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、钒、锰、硒和锌）在尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）、地表水和淡水及半咸水养殖池塘底泥中的浓度。本研究还评估了相关的环境和人类健康风险。2021 年 10 月至 11 月期间采集了罗非鱼、水和底泥样本，并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行了分析。估计的每日摄入量（EDI）表明，淡水和半咸水养殖罗非鱼肌肉中的砷、铬、铅、硒和锌，以及半咸水养殖罗非鱼中的镉和镍，均超过了推荐的 EDI 值。除了半咸水养殖罗非鱼中的砷和淡水及半咸水养殖罗非鱼中的铬外，大多数金属的目标危害系数（THQ）均小于 1，表明存在潜在健康风险。对于淡水和半咸水养殖罗非鱼中的砷、淡水养殖罗非鱼中的铬和镍，其目标癌症风险（TR）值均超过了可接受范围。虽然淡水和半咸水养殖罗非鱼养殖场地表水的金属浓度有所不同，但所有平均浓度均低于世界卫生组织推荐的限值。除了淡水沉积物中的锌和半咸水沉积物中的硒外，两种类型养殖池塘中所有金属的污染系数（C）值均小于 1。此外，沉积物的污染指数（PLI）、地质累积指数（I）、生态风险因子（E）和潜在生态风险因子（PER）的计算风险指数均低于风险阈值值（PLI < 1、I < 0、E < 40 和 PER < 150）。在罗非鱼肌肉和相应池塘沉积物中，砷（As）（ρ= 0.8，p<0.002）和铬（Cr）（ρ= 0.7，p<0.02）之间存在显著的正相关关系。尽管淡水和半咸水养殖池塘的水和沉积物中研究金属的水平通常在推荐范围内，但本研究强调需要进行持续监测和采取预防措施，特别是针对罗非鱼肌肉中砷和铬含量升高的情况，因为这可能对人类健康构成潜在风险。
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