Kowalski J J
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1988 Jul;18(4):743-54. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(88)50077-3.
Otitis externa is an important disease of dogs and, to a lesser degree, cats. The yeast Malassezia canis is the most common organism demonstrated in ear infections. Coagulase-positive staphylococci are the most common bacteria isolated, often occurring with M. canis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus are gram-negative bacteria that are frequently encountered. Other bacteria, such as beta-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium are also important. Malassezia canis, coagulase-positive staphylococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly occur as monoinfections, whereas other bacteria are typically associated with mixed infections. Smears may provide rapid diagnosis on which to base empiric treatment. Cultures should be considered in recurrent or refractory cases, especially those involving gram-negative bacteria. In practices that are not equipped to perform culture and susceptibility tests, it is advisable to seek the advice of a microbiology laboratory.
外耳道炎是犬类的一种重要疾病，在猫中也有发生但程度较轻。犬马拉色菌是耳部感染中最常见的病原体。凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌是最常分离出的细菌，常与犬马拉色菌共同出现。铜绿假单胞菌和变形杆菌是常见的革兰氏阴性菌。其他细菌，如β-溶血性链球菌、肠球菌、大肠杆菌和棒状杆菌也很重要。犬马拉色菌、凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌通常为单一感染，而其他细菌通常与混合感染有关。涂片检查可提供快速诊断结果，作为经验性治疗的依据。对于复发性或难治性病例，尤其是涉及革兰氏阴性菌的病例，应考虑进行培养。在没有条件进行培养和药敏试验的诊所，建议向微生物学实验室咨询。
