Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Anatomy, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 10;14(1):e0210464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210464. eCollection 2019.
The axillary and cephalic veins are used for various clinical purposes but their anatomy is not fully understood. Increased knowledge and information about them as well as superficial veins in the upper arm would be useful.
The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature regarding the anatomy of the venous drainage of the upper extremity.
The veins of forty upper extremities from twenty one adult cadavers were injected and their axillary regions dissected. The course and pattern of drainage of the venous tributaries in the axillary region were identified and recorded.
The basilic, brachial, subscapular, lateral thoracic and superior thoracic veins drained mainly into the axillary vein, in common with most textbook descriptions. However, the thoracoacromial veins were observed to drain into the cephalic vein in 70.0% of upper limbs. In addition, a venous channel connecting the distal part and proximal part of the axilla was found along the posterolateral wall of the axilla in 77.5% of the upper limbs. In 95.0% of upper limbs, we discovered a superficial vein which ran from the axillary base and drained directly into the axillary vein.
The veins from the inferomedial part of the axilla drain into the axillary vein, whereas the veins from the superolateral part of the axilla drain into the cephalic vein. The venous drainage of the axilla is variable and in common with venous drainage elsewhere, does not necessarily follow the pattern of the arterial supply.
腋窝和头静脉用于各种临床目的，但它们的解剖结构尚未完全了解。增加对它们以及上臂浅静脉的了解和信息将是有用的。
本研究旨在为上肢静脉引流的解剖学提供文献资料。
对 21 具成人尸体的 40 个上肢的静脉进行注射，并对腋窝区域进行解剖。确定并记录腋窝区域静脉属支的引流途径和模式。
与大多数教科书的描述一致，贵要静脉、肱静脉、肩胛下静脉、胸外侧静脉和胸肩峰静脉主要流入腋静脉。然而，在 70.0%的上肢中观察到头静脉的胸廓上静脉流入头静脉。此外，在 77.5%的上肢中，在腋窝的后外侧壁发现了一条沿腋窝的远侧和近侧部分的静脉通道。在 95.0%的上肢中，我们发现了一条从腋窝底部开始并直接流入腋静脉的浅静脉。
腋窝下内侧部分的静脉流入腋静脉，而腋窝上外侧部分的静脉流入头静脉。腋窝的静脉引流是可变的，与其他部位的静脉引流一样，不一定遵循动脉供应的模式。
