Wirebring Linnea Karlsson, Stillesjö Sara, Eriksson Johan, Juslin Peter, Nyberg Lars
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2018 Dec 13;12:481. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00481. eCollection 2018.
One important distinction in psychology is between inferences based on associative memory and inferences based on analysis and rules. Much previous empirical work conceive of associative and analytical processes as two exclusive ways of addressing a judgment task, where only one process is selected and engaged at a time, in an fashion. However, related work indicate that the processes are better understood as being in and simultaneously engaged. Based on computational modeling and brain imaging of spontaneously adopted judgment strategies together with analyses of brain activity elicited in tasks where participants were explicitly instructed to perform similarity-based associative judgments or rule-based judgments ( = 74), we identified brain regions related to the two types of processes. We observed considerable overlap in activity patterns. The was activated for both types of judgments, and its activity predicted how well a similarity-based model fit the judgments. Activity in the superior frontal gyrus predicted the fit of a rule-based judgment model. The results suggest the precuneus as a key node for similarity-based judgments, engaged both when overt responses are guided by similarity-based and rule-based processes. These results are interpreted such that similarity-based processes are engaged in parallel to rule-based-processes, a finding with direct implications for cognitive theories of judgment.
心理学中的一个重要区别在于基于联想记忆的推理和基于分析与规则的推理之间。以前的许多实证研究将联想和分析过程视为处理判断任务的两种相互排斥的方式，即每次只选择并采用一种过程。然而，相关研究表明，这些过程更应被理解为相互作用且同时进行。基于对自发采用的判断策略的计算建模和脑成像，以及对参与者被明确指示进行基于相似性的联想判断或基于规则的判断的任务中引发的脑活动分析（n = 74），我们确定了与这两种过程相关的脑区。我们观察到活动模式有相当大的重叠。楔前叶在两种判断类型中均被激活，其活动预测了基于相似性的模型与判断的拟合程度。额上回的活动预测了基于规则的判断模型的拟合情况。结果表明楔前叶是基于相似性判断的关键节点，在基于相似性和基于规则的过程指导公开反应时均会参与。这些结果被解释为基于相似性的过程与基于规则的过程并行进行，这一发现对判断的认知理论有直接影响。
