Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2019 Sep;126(9):1187-1202. doi: 10.1007/s00702-018-01965-y. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
Processing of acute stress has potential implications for mental and physical health. At the same time, individuals differ largely in how strongly they react to stress. Neuroimaging paradigms have been developed to characterize the neural underpinnings of the stress response in general and to understand the mechanisms that differentiate high and low susceptible individuals. The goal of the present review was to summarize the current literature on psychosocial stress in the brain imaging environment. That is, we focused on the most common neuroimaging paradigms that have been used to induce acute stress and map out the questions that have been addressed with respect to the determinants, the consequences, and the processing of stress. We identified four major paradigms that have been used with different scientific aims. The Montreal Imaging Stress Test and the ScanSTRESS involve cognitive challenge and social-evaluative threat and yielded a stress-related network including most significantly the perigenual ACC, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. The social-evaluative threat paradigm was used to predict the autonomic stress response on the basis of multivariate pattern analysis. The aversive video paradigm, on the other hand, was mainly used to investigate the consequences of stress on emotional and cognitive processes and their neural correlates. We conclude our review with a critical evaluation of methodological and conceptual issues in the study of the neural correlates of acute stress.
急性应激的处理对身心健康有潜在影响。与此同时，个体对压力的反应强度差异很大。神经影像学范式已经被开发出来，以描述应激反应的神经基础，并理解区分高敏感和低敏感个体的机制。本综述的目的是总结目前关于脑成像环境中心理社会应激的文献。也就是说，我们专注于最常用的神经影像学范式，这些范式被用来诱发急性应激，并阐明了关于应激决定因素、后果和处理的问题。我们确定了四个主要的范式，它们被用于不同的科学目的。蒙特利尔影像应激测试和 ScanSTRESS 涉及认知挑战和社会评价威胁，产生了一个与应激相关的网络，其中最重要的是前扣带皮质、海马体和杏仁核。社会评价威胁范式被用于基于多元模式分析来预测自主应激反应。另一方面，厌恶视频范式主要用于研究应激对情绪和认知过程及其神经相关的影响。我们在总结中对急性应激神经相关研究中的方法学和概念问题进行了批判性评估。
