Department of Didactics and Educational Organization, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Department of Research Methods and Diagnostics in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 11;14(1):e0210605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210605. eCollection 2019.
In Spain, the issue of unemployment or precarious employment worsen with globalization, leading to an expansion of the so-called working poor in the labour market. According to previous literature, the economic poverty that is characteristic of this group may accompany poverty competency. In particular, the working poor resort to informal and poorly developed job-search strategies. This study addresses the job search methods used by people at risk of poverty and social exclusion. It provides evidence on the subject and serves as a basis for the adaptation of socio-labour intermediation programmes to this group. The hypothesis of this study is that people at high risk will predominantly use informal strategies that require a low level of job-search skills. A survey-based correlational study is conducted using a questionnaire completed by 279 people participating in socio-labour intermediation programmes developed by the Action against Hunger Foundation (AaHF) in Spain. Information on poverty indicators and on job-search strategies is collected. Data are analysed through cluster analysis, which distinguish two groups of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion (high risk and low risk), followed by a comparison of means (t-test) with a subsequent calculation of effect size using Cohen's d. Results show statistically significant differences with a medium effect size (between 0.45 and 0.50) for the typology of job-search strategies used, confirming the initial hypothesis. These results offer relevant information that should be considered when developing programmes aimed at improving social and labour issues for people at risk of poverty and social exclusion.
在西班牙，全球化导致失业或不稳定就业问题恶化，导致劳动力市场中所谓的“工作穷人”群体扩大。根据以往的文献，这个群体的经济贫困可能伴随着贫困能力。具体来说，工作穷人倾向于采用非正式和欠发达的求职策略。本研究探讨了处于贫困和社会排斥风险中的人们所采用的求职方法。它为该主题提供了证据，并为适应社会劳动中介计划以适应这一群体提供了基础。本研究的假设是，高风险人群将主要使用需要低水平求职技能的非正式策略。本研究采用问卷调查的相关性研究方法，对 279 名参与饥饿行动基金会（AaHF）在西班牙开展的社会劳动中介计划的人进行了调查。收集了有关贫困指标和求职策略的信息。通过聚类分析对数据进行分析，该分析区分了处于贫困和社会排斥风险中的两组人（高风险和低风险），然后通过 t 检验进行均值比较，随后使用 Cohen 的 d 计算效应大小。结果显示，所使用的求职策略类型存在具有统计学意义的显著差异，且具有中等效应量（在 0.45 到 0.50 之间），这验证了最初的假设。这些结果提供了相关信息，在制定旨在改善处于贫困和社会排斥风险中的人们的社会和劳动问题的方案时，应该考虑这些信息。
