Gottfredson Linda S
University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2922, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Jan;86(1):174-99. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.174.
Virtually all indicators of physical health and mental competence favor persons of higher socioeconomic status (SES). Conventional theories in the social sciences assume that the material disadvantages of lower SES are primarily responsible for these inequalities, either directly or by inducing psychosocial harm. These theories cannot explain, however, why the relation between SES and health outcomes (knowledge, behavior, morbidity, and mortality) is not only remarkably general across time, place, disease, and kind of health system but also so finely graded up the entire SES continuum. Epidemiologists have therefore posited, but not yet identified, a more general "fundamental cause" of health inequalities. This article concatenates various bodies of evidence to demonstrate that differences in general intelligence (g) may be that fundamental cause.
几乎所有身体健康和心理能力的指标都有利于社会经济地位较高的人。社会科学中的传统理论认为，较低社会经济地位的物质劣势是造成这些不平等的主要原因，要么是直接造成，要么是通过引发心理社会伤害。然而，这些理论无法解释为什么社会经济地位与健康结果（知识、行为、发病率和死亡率）之间的关系不仅在时间、地点、疾病和卫生系统类型方面非常普遍，而且在整个社会经济地位连续体上的分级如此精细。因此，流行病学家提出了一个更普遍的健康不平等“根本原因”，但尚未确定。本文汇集了各种证据，以证明一般智力（g）的差异可能就是那个根本原因。
